Marketing Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marketing Management - Assignment Example It not only has non-stop aircrafts to other Middle-East countries but also has huge number of connecting flights to other countries across the globe. The network of connection by the company stretches from Europe to Asia with its presence in 29 countries and connecting more than 45 cities with a total of 34 fleets of aircrafts. Along with country’s vision of â€Å"Vision 2030†, Gulf Air also has its vision lined on the same line. The company’s strategy is to build a commercially sustainable, efficient airline which effectively serves to the people of Bahrain and also helps in the growth of the economy of the country representing its good image in the global world. Based on its strong strategy of growing at a fast pace the company has its main focus on three core areas which are providing a superior and more consistent product to the customer, a well-targeted and good expansion in the international network and third to become a modern and more efficient aviation c ompany that will provide good value for money to the customers and also will look to optimize value. Having a constant growth in the business operation the company has moved forward in a big way and in 2012 the company was been awarded with Silver Effie for building an effective and innovative brand in Bahrain. Though being in the global market from so many years the goal of the company has remained unchanged and its commitment towards bringing the latest technology in aviation industry is very well known, and its brand image has also increased by its hallmark Aviation hospitality. The company’s strong strategies to provide the best service have become the flagship for the company and the company is well known in the global market because of its high level of service and hospitality. In this report it can be seen how the company has utilised all its resources and capabilities in the best possible way to grow at such a fast rate and also the marketing strategies that are been used by the company

Crash Essay Example for Free

Crash Essay Description: The film Crash illustrates through various characters many themes that are sociologically relevant and have been intensely covered in course lectures and readings. With the extensive minority groups presented throughout the film; elements of prejudice, discrimination, deviance, patterns of accommodation, as well as strain theory are evident. The film offers an array of conflict in four characters especially that will be discussed here. â€Å"Anthony† and â€Å"Peter Waters† two African-American men, â€Å"Farhad† a Persian shop owner, and â€Å"Officer John Ryan† a white prejudiced policeman all display interesting characteristics of the theories mentioned above. Analysis: Anthony and Peter both commit criminal acts and fit well into the innovation as part of deviance model. They do not believe that they can conform and do not see other opportunities in the largely white areas in which they steal cars, admitting that they want to steal from whites, as they perceive whites to have privilege and hostility toward them. Peter is shot while Anthony attempts to redeem himself by helping another minority group, who he sees to be exploited due to their minority status. Officer Ryan is a prejudiced policeman, who feels the trickle down effect of strain theory. Due to the loss of his father’s job due to affirmative action policies and the subsequent issues with him receiving improper healthcare, this officer turns his frustration to blacks as a whole due to the strain of his father’s condition. Finally, Farhad exhibits the patterns of accommodation, as he attempts to assimilate to the United States, he distrusts others in the different minority groups and feels the shame of being called a terrorist. He retaliates by attempting to kill a Mexican-American, as his level of conflict with other groups is extremely high. Self-reflection: This film is very effective in showing how theories can be applied to actual events that occur in the lives of minorities and those with white privilege. The complex interactions between the different groups highlight much of what conflict theory proposes and elements of structural functionalism, as well. I would highly recommend this movie to any sociology student or others, who have an interest in how groups in society function and deal with one another on a daily basis.

Challenges Faced By Women In Politics Sociology Essay

Challenges Faced By Women In Politics Sociology Essay Though out history there have always been groups of people who do not feel that they are being adequately represented in modern governments, and women are one of them. Many women have experienced issues regarding whether or not their voices and opinions being heard and truly acted upon by people in political offices. As modern society continues to develop, things are beginning to become more apparent regarding the influence and ideas women have to offer in society and especially politics. Many women feel that there are not enough legislative powers adequately representing them and their voices. Men, because of their gender majority in politics, have the primary decision making when it comes to passing laws, which possibly affects more lives than they realize. There becomes a question if their views and decisions are based on their thoughts and opinions or those of whom they are supposed to be representing. When discussing such sensitive issues as abortion, which clearly relates to de cisions that should also be made by women because of their immediate relation to the subject have minimal say if any because of the unequal representation. Even though America chooses to encourage other countries to build themselves around American values, America herself seems to be falling behind the times. Yet in this male controlled political system that America has chosen to adopt, there seems to be very little change in the ability to sufficiently represent women. This problem can be resolved through more women becoming involved in the political process. Do women have a chance to overcome being head in charge. It has been said during the time when men were the bread maker and women were to be the homemakers. Women have been trying to wear the pants for centuries, whether it is as successful, career or in politics. It has always been debate about whether or not women are capable of succeeding in doing jobs that men have been doing for quite some time. There are many women now in the work force doing jobs that at one time were considered male only types of careers, jobs such as: police officers, fireman, and construction workers, even in politics. Hilary Clinton, who ran for the President of the United States, is a perfect example of modern women in the political arena. Even though she did not win the presidential race she still made her way to the White House; she is now the United States Secretary of State. Many people throughout the United States feel that she will do well with this position. My question is: What makes it hard for w omen to get the qualifying job that men hold and why is there a difference in the pay. Can a woman do the job better and get the job done equally? These are questions that many people in todays society feel need to be answered. Equality in the work place has been an issue for as long as men and women have worked together. Men and women work equally hard and get just as much accomplished as the other. Since the work is equal, the pay should be equal as well. It is seen by many that companies in the United States should be required to pay all employees equally and fairly. Obviously, pay should depend on position. If a woman works as a receptionist, she should not expect the same pay as a man in charge of system security. However, if a man and woman are in the same position, they should be paid the same. There are some jobs that women do better than men and vice versa. Companies need to realize that men and women work equally hard for their money. Often times, women work harder just to prove their equality. Instead of looking at gender, companies should look only at qualifications and how well the employee does the job. Women now are beginning to become corporate executives in businesses, and popular in the fi eld of medicine and law. Women have tried hard to push themselves forward in society to create a balanced and harmonious economy and so far it has been successful. Barriers of all kinds have been broken, well, all except a few, mainly in politics. Politicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when one stops and thinks of the word politics what naturally comes to mind? Our founding fathers, Presidents George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; the popular political figures of today, President Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Al Gore; and now we can think of Hilary Clinton. Is society to blame for this misconception that women do not hold important roles in government and participate in making important decisions for our country? Not really, people just dont hear or read about women in politics as often as they do about men. As most people learn throughout elementary and junior high or middle school, our nation first formed government in 1776 when Thomas Jefferson first drafted our constitution. During this time women did not have a role in government, nor would they for the next one hundred and eight years, until a woman would try to run for office. In 1884, Belva Ann Lockwood the first woman to try a case before the United States Supreme C ourt ran for Presidency (Arenofsky 14). Well, to no surprise she lost, but her groundbreaking campaign made it possible and easier for Jeannette Rankin, thirty-three years later, to run and become elected to Congress for the state of Montana. However, even with this groundbreaking experience, women were still looked down upon for their lack of experience. It wasnt until 1920 when womens suffrage ended and the nineteenth amendment to the constitution, granting women the right to vote, and those women were formally introduced into politics. However, even with voting privileges, women were still looked at as weak feeble creatures. The lack of confidence and the inability to be seen as strong-minded females who were not afraid to voice their opinion hurt the female gender immensely. It wasnt until Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, crisscrossed the country speaking about social problems and serving as the quintessential role model for the politically active fem ale that women began to witness how to present themselves with confidence (Arenofsky 14). Finally, with womens confidence on the rise and their new understanding and attitudes toward government, women were starting to attain a higher status in the political arena. The big break for women came from the decision by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1933 appointed Frances Perkins to the cabinet as Secretary of labor (Gurirab, T., Cayetano, P. (2010). However, in some magical, mysterious way, women are managing themselves quite nicely. Lets face it, there are far more white-collared, wealthy men in the United States, and in the world for that matter, than there are women. Even with women having highly paid corporate executive jobs, women still make far less than that of their male counterparts. For women, this is one of the major issues as to why government is lacking female participation. The most valid explanation for this problem is that the government controls the financial gains of women to limit their power. Looking at the facts, women make up fifty-two percent of our nations population, strange how such a big percentage of population has little representation. The thought of a government developed by males and dominated by females just does not sit well with the vast majority of higher male authority. Therefore, in order to make sure that women do not dominate, without being boldly direct about it, income levels are tampere d with. It may sound bizarre, but in Lyn Kathlenes Studying the New Voice of Women in Politics, she gives some very valid evidence that shows how women are paid in comparison to men in the same high white-collared jobs. The results are quite shocking. Kathlene shows that women are out-paid by men by nearly forty-percent for the same amount of work and jobs! The responsibilities of taking care of their home and loved ones and the lack of funds, the fight for womens dominance in government will never prevail. Does this mean Americans should just sit back and forget about the women before them who fought hard for their right to vote, to be heard, and have equality in government? Social class, status, and power are predetermined by ones gender. Within todays patriarchal society, men simply possess greater power than women, and enjoy greater access to what is valued by the social group. (Gurirab, T., Cayetano, P. (2010). Patriarchal thought produces male dominance, and authority within multiple areas, including politics. Throughout history, governments have designed laws to maintain such divisions of power, resulting in the oppression of women. Patriarchal power relations construct sexual differences as political differences by giving legal form to the belief that women, because of their sex, are fit only to serve as wives and mothers. (Gurirab, T., Cayetano, P. (2010). One must question how women can achieve greater influence within the male political arena if they are not viewed as equal? How are determined women attempting to change their position within society, regarding politics? Multiple changes have been made throughout history regarding the place of women in society, but are they leading towards equality? The main goal of the womens movement was basic citizenship rights for women. For decades, many of the first womens groups strived for their civil and political rights as women. Their central focus was the right to vote, and the right to run for office. The purpose was to claim a role in democratic politics. Many believed that in order to attain political goals, the right to vote was vital. Women assumed that once the right to vote was granted, equality in the eyes of males was soon to follow, along with their new influence within politics. Decades full of protests for womens rights created several political gains, as well as improvements in their status; however, inequality remained. Womens beliefs that political rights would lead to equal opportunity, were overshadowed by the reality that their inequality resulted in their lack of influence within politics. Multiple policies and laws may have been created or changed in an attempt to improve womens role in society, but economic dependence, and physical reliance on men continued as issues. Women remained underrepresented within politics, holding fewer than twenty percent of federal, and provincial elected offices in the United States. Eliminating women from political positions hindered their ability to become a valid influence within the political arena. Unequal pay, workplace harassment, and discrimination continued to plague women in the work force. Many believe that the variance between wages is due to the fact that forty-one percent of women are employed in part-tim e or temporary positions; however, those employed in full-time positions only earn seventy-three percent of what male employees make. Women occupy only twenty-two percent of the countrys highest paying jobs, but hold sixty-eight percent of the lowest paying jobs. With the lack of women in high profile positions, and the belief that women are not as valuable as men, they continue to provide no bearing on the political aspects of society. Women continue to receive less in our patriarchal society. Women have less political power, fewer economic resources, less security, and lower status that do men. (Gurirab, T., Cayetano, P. (2010). This continues regardless of decades dedicated to movements for womens rights, and lobbying for policies designed to alter womens status in society. For those women who are poor, immigrant, Native, or disabled, they find themselves even more inferior than other women. Therefore, the question remains, are women equal? Simply stated, they are not equal. Women continue to fight for liberal democratic political power. Their gender continues to play a role in how society will view them, as well as their position. For centuries, power has been allotted to men, which continues to this day. Few women possess great political power due to the difficulties of obtaining customary equality within society. In a world where men rule, how is a woman able to gain great authority, and step into the political spot light? In a society where women are viewed as insignificant, how are they to influence political decision makers? The law has granted women a voice within politics; however, it remains weak and inaudible. In order for women to increase their influence in politics, they must first become equal with men. Until then, they will be viewed as inferior; therefore, not requiring influence in politics. Gradually women are gaining more power, and prestige in society. Soon, the number in high-paying jobs will increase, creating a less economically dependent gender. As women strive for these changes, men, especially politicians, will be forced to take notice. As power for women intensifies, so will their influence in politics. As the voice for womens rights grows, so will their equality; therefore, leveling out the playing field in the political arena for both men, and women. Society needs to realize that this is the dawn of a new century and the role of the female should indeed be reevaluated. Women are equal to men, and should have the same opportunities as men. Women follow rules and are fair too. Women can cooperate with the government. Women can make good choices, and effective speeches. Most people say, Well what about their kids? Think about it. Men are responsible for their kids just as much as women are. A woman wont run president if she has 3 year olds and needs to stay with them. Shell run when she gets older because her kids will be older. I hope people will change their minds and give them a chance, because theyre there to do their jobs. I hope that one day I can live to see a woman president.

Overcoming the Odds in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays -- Worn Path

In the short story, "A Worn Path" Eudora Welty's plot is not all that clear in the beginning, but progresses as her character carries on against the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, must overcome the odds against her as she valiantly travels through many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down "a worn path." It is at this point that all of Welty's readers' hearts open up to this poor, elderly woman as she makes an attempt to carry on her love for her grandson by taking a long journey down a familiar path in order to get medication that seems to help ease his sickness pains. However, there are many forces against Phoenix that Welty includes in her story in order to make Phoenix's adventure end in a victory. Poverty, old age, and her journey through the woods are all of the odds which Phoenix must overcome. Poverty is a major hardship that most of us will never have to face, but in Phoenix's case, poverty is present everyday in her and her grandson's life. Since she is In this state of poverty, Phoenix is not able to enjoy life's luxuries as others do and Must make do with what she can. As she begins her journey, it becomes clear that she lacks the money to pay for transportation to and from town; therefore, she starts down her path carrying a "thin, small cane made from an umbrella" (132). Although Welty never really emphasizes what this is used for the reader can assume that she uses it because she does not have the money to buy the actual cane needed to help her walk properly. Another conflict dealing with poverty arouses when she feels it necessary to steal from a hunter she encounters in... ...cidents indicate that Phoenix adapts to the dangers that face her, and allows the plot to then become clear. Welty catches the reader's attention by how real her short story seems. Even though many people may never experience Phoenix's problems, the descriptions and images she uses allows her to create a powerful story in which many feel they can relate to in some way. Her three major problems, poverty, old age, and some form of a journey, are all obstacles which all of her readers will one day face as they travel through their own paths. Works Cited Jacobs, Henry E. and Roberts, Edgar V. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 5th ed. new Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998: 131-137. Oates, Joyce C. "Eudora Welty." Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1973 ed. 361. Vande Kieft, Ruth M. Eudora Welty. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1987.

Dahlia Furniture Private Limited Essay

I. Time Context: Last 5 months of 1984 II. Viewpoint: Mr. Chua Boon Kang, co-owner of Dahlia Furniture Private Limited III. Major Policy Statement: Dahlia Furniture Private Limited is a local furniture manufacturer of standard and custom-made furniture known for their high quality and elegant wall units, kitchen cabinets, bedroom sets, and dining set. And aims to be one of the largest furniture manufacturer in Singapore by 1990. IV. Statement of the Problem: What can the company do to maximize profit to improve the company’s position? V. Objectives Long Range Objectives: To expand our business operation after 2 years To be the leading furniture manufacturer by 1987 Short Range Objectives: To maximize profit and minimize cost To increase sales To cater furniture for the mass market VI. SWOT Analysis Strengths a. The company is known for high quality and elegant image of their furniture b. Dahlia Furniture is a known seller of imported furniture Weaknesses a. Dahlia Furniture has a small market; only middle and upper income families could afford their furniture b. Limited product line; composes only of wall units, kitchen cabinets, bedroom sets, and dining sets Opportunities a. Growing number of families who can afford and are willing to pay higher price for a high quality furniture b. Growing demand for imported furniture Threats a. Other companies that offer furniture for a lower price b. Foreign manufacturers and retailers that are entering the Singapore market VII. Alternative Courses of Action ACA #1: Continuous importation of some furniture and start to produce quality furniture that could be sold for a lower price to expand our market in serving the mass market of low income generating families. ACA #2: Remove locally made furniture in our product line and import all our furniture to uphold the image of high quality and elegant furniture for middle and upper income families. ACA #3: Expand our product line by producing and importing other high quality and elegant furniture other than wall units, kitchen cabinets, bedroom sets and dining sets for middle and upper income families. VIII. Analysis of Alternatives ACA #1: Continuous importation of some furniture and start to produce quality furniture that could be sold for a lower price to expand our market in serving the mass market of low income generating families. Advantages: a. Expanding our market is also a means of expanding the sources of our income b. The life of the company is not solely dependent on the purchase of our small market for middle and upper income families Disadvantages: a. Great risk whether the new target market of low generating families would purchase our furniture b. Costly as we would be starting from scratch to develop, produce and sell our new affordable furniture c. Additional Labor is needed d. The image of elegance and exclusivity of our furniture might be lost ACA #2: Remove locally made furniture in our product line and import all our furniture to uphold the image of high quality and elegant furniture for middle and upper income families. Advantages: a. No overhead expense for us b. The image of the company for catering high quality, elegant and exclusive furniture would be preserved c. We could focus more on the imported products that bring us income d. No need to hire additional workers e. Less attention required by the importation of furniture for we would not be the one to create them Disadvantages: a. Costly to import furniture id it would not be sold right away b. The operations of the company is solely dependent on our foreign suppliers c. Small market only for middle and upper income families that could afford to purchase imported furniture d. In violation of the anti-foreign labor regulation of the government e. Slow rate of repurchase because we offer the same furniture ACA #3: Expand our product line by producing and importing other high quality and elegant furniture other than wall units, kitchen cabinets, bedroom sets and dining sets for middle and upper income families. Advantages: a. Creating new line of furniture is also creating a new source of income for the company b. We can maintain the image of the company as producer of high quality, elegant and exclusive furniture Disadvantages: a. Costly to develop, produce and sell new furniture line b. Requires additional workers c. Still dependent on the purchase of our small market of middle and upper income families d. Risk whether the new furniture would be bought by the market e. The company could be subjected to government observation since we are importing more furniture IX. Decision Statement After closely analysing all the alternatives, the best alternative for the company is ACA #1: Continuous importation of some furniture and start to produce quality furniture that could be sold for a lower price to expand our market in serving the mass market of low income generating families. The imported furniture is still in the growth stage and the demand for them is still high. The continuing the importation of furniture could still bring us income and can be used as capital in our plan of targeting a new market. The company is known for catering high quality, elegant, and exclusive furniture; extending this to the mass market could bring drastic increase in our sales for the company already has a prestige name in the furniture industry. The company would be catering both high-end furniture and affordable furniture but of good quality. Expanding our market is extending the coverage of our company and also the source of our income. ACA #2 and ACA #3 still focuses on serving a limi ted market only for middle and upper income families making the sources of our income also limited to them. Furniture is a durable product and repurchase of it is not made in a short span of time. If the each of these middle and upper income families has their own wall units, kitchen cabinets, bedroom sets and dining sets then they would not repurchase again and so the company might be in danger. ACA # 1 would find us another source of income as we extend our market to the lower income generating families but at the same time retaining the service for middle and upper income families. And having the prestige of high quality and elegant furniture, the new target market would be eager to purchase our furniture. X. Implementation Plan Long Range Implementation Plan a. Continuous improvement of the quality, operations, management of the company and continuous search on how we could minimize the cost of our operations Short Range Implementation Plan a. Research about the new target market The price range that they can and willing to pay for a furniture. Designs, specifications and quality of a furniture that would draw them to purchase it. b. Canvass materials of good quality but of lower price to be used in the production of the furniture c. Create a plan on how we could minimize the cost of our importation, production and operation d. Make the furniture, specially the affordable furniture, known to the market by advertisement through publication at least once a week in a local newspaper of general circulation

Police essays

Police essays Over the years there have been many arrests made by officers of the law. Although many think very highly of law enforcement, there are some that believe that policemen are becoming pig-like in a sense that police are portrayed as fat slobs that sit around the headquarters and eat donuts all day. Many people have shaped their paradigms around these characters. Few people now believe in the protection provided by the police. There are many slang terms used to discriminate police officers. Some examples of these terms are pigs, the 5-0, and the fuzz. I believe police have some advantages to their protection as well as some disadvantages to them. Some disadvantages to having police are the taxes are raised in order for them to provide protection. In some cases as many of you have seen policemen believe themselves to be higher than the law. Some more cases have shown that police are taking a more active role in dealing with physical abuse sexual abuse. That role is the job of child protective agencies. Many skeptics believe the rookies of law enforcement are not getting the training needed. Finally, after knowing about all the police scandals I believe people should truly ask themselves if they trust the men/women watching their house/street/neighborhood. Some advantages of police officers are for one that they provide protection when it is seriously needed. Law enforcement helps to keep a witness from being killed by placing them in a safe house. Police help to put true criminals away. They achieve this by making big busts on gangs of many criminals. They help to keep the streets clean by keeping the convicts off of them. So in closing I believe that police officers have many advantages as well as disadvantages. ...

Italian Slang Dictionary and Expressions

Italian Slang Dictionary and Expressions Want to understand common slang words and colloquial expressions in Italian? Below is an Italian slang dictionary with definitions in English. Italian Slang Dictionary A accidente m. nothing, zip; (lit.): an accident.alito puzzolente m. bad breath; (lit.): stinking breath.allocco m. a stupid person, a jerk; (lit.): an owl.alzare il gomito exp. to drink; (lit.): to raise an elbow.amore a prima vista exp. love at first sight: È stato amore a prima vista! It was love at first sight!avere un chiodo fisso in testa exp. to be fixated on something; (lit.): to have a nail fixed in the head. Tommaso pensa a Maria giorno e notte. Lui ha davvero un chiodo fisso in testa Thomas thinks about Maria day and night. Hes truly fixated on her. B balena f. a very fat man or woman, a fatso, fat slob; (lit.): a whale.beccare qualcuno v. to hit on someone, to pick someone up; (lit.): to peck.bel niente m. nothing, zip; (lit.): a beautiful nothing.bischero m. (Tuscany) a stupid person, a jerk.boccalone m. a big mouth, a gossip; (lit.): an enormous mouth. C ceffo m. (pejorative) ugly mug.chiudere il becco v. to shut up, to shut ones trap; (lit.): to close the beak.cicciobomba n. a fatso, fat slob; (lit.): fat bomb.colpo di fulmine exp. love at first sight; (lit.): a thunderbolt (of love).come il cacio sui maccheroni exp. just what the doctor ordered; (lit.): like cheese on macaroni. D da parte exp. aside.donnaccia f. (pejorative) slut, hussy.donnaiolo m. womanizer, playboy, flirt.due parole exp. a few words; (lit.): two words. E essere in gioco exp. to be at stake.essere nelle nuvole exp. to daydream; (lit.): to be in the clouds.essere un po di fuori exp. to be a little wacky, to be out of ones mind; (lit.): to be a little bit out. F fannullone m. a lazy bum; (lit.): do-nothing (from fare nulla, meaning to do nothing).fare il grande exp. to show off, to act like someone big; (lit.): to do the big.fare impazzire qualcuno exp. to drive someone crazy; (lit.): to make someone crazy.farsi bello(a) v. to doll oneself up.farsi una canna to have a joint.farsi una ragazza (trivial) to score with a girl.fuori come un balcone drunk.fuori di testa exp. to be out of ones mind; (lit.): to be out of ones head. G grassone/a n. a very fat man or woman, a fatso, fat slob.grattarsi la pancia exp. to twiddle ones thumbs; (lit.): to scratch ones stomach.gruzzolo m. nest egg.guastafesta n. a party pooper; (lit.): a party spoiler. I in gran parte exp. largely.in orario exp. on time.in verit exp. as a matter of fact.inghiottire il rospo exp. to eat crow; (lit.): to swallow a toad. L la vita di Michelaccio exp. the life of Riley.leccapiedi exp. brownnoser; (lit.): feet-licker.levataccia very early rising; fare una levataccia: to get up very early [or at an ungodly hour].libro giallo exp. detective or mystery story; (lit.): yellow book.limonare (familiar, regional) to make out.locale m. club or night club.   M mettere paglia al fuoco exp. to tempt fate; (lit.): to add straw to the fire.mettersi insieme exp. to start a serious relationship, to tie the knot.mollare qualcuno exp. to dump someone; (lit.): to let go of someone, to release someone.morire di/dalla noia exp. to die of boredom. N nocciolo della questione exp. crux of the matter.nuotare nelloro exp. to be rolling in money; (lit.): swimming in gold.nuovo di zecca exp. brand new; (lit.): new from the mint. O occhiataccia f. dirty look.oggi come oggi exp. as matters now stand.olio di gomito exp. elbow grease.ora di punta exp. rush hour. P parolaccia f. dirty word.piazzaiolo m. (pejorative) vulgar, mob-.pigrone/a n. a. a lazy bum (from the masculine noun pigro, meaning someone who is idle); (lit.): big lazy bum.pisello m. (popular) penis.portare male gli anni exp. not to age well; (lit.): to carry the years badly.puzzare da fare schifo exp. to stink to high heaven; (lit.): to smell/stink to disgust. Q quattro gatti exp. only a few people; (lit.): four cats. R ricco sfondato exp. rolling in money; (lit.): endlessly rich.roba da matti exp. crazy.rompere il ghiaccio exp. to break the ice.rosso come un peperone exp. as red as a beet; (lit.): as red as a pepper. S saccente (un/una) n. a know-it-all, a smart-ass; (lit.): from the verb sapere, meaning to know.saputo/a n. a know-it-all, a smart-ass; (lit.): from the verb sapere, meaning to know.scoreggia f. (pl. -ge) (vulgar) fart.scoreggiare v.i. (vulgar) to fart.scemo/a n. a stupid person, a jerk; (from the verb scemare, meaning to shrink or diminish).sfatto f. (trivial) worn out after a night of debauchery.sgualdrina f. (pejorative) trollop, strumpet, harlot, tart.spettegolare v. to gossip; (lit.): to tattle. T tabula rasa exp. a clean slate.tappo m. a very short guy; (lit.): cork.testona pelata f. a bald guy; (lit.): big peeled head.tirare un bidone a qualcuno exp. to stand someone up on a date or appointment; (lit.): to throw a trash can at someone.tutto sale e pepe exp. lively, cheerful; (lit.): all salt and pepper. U uggioso/a n. (Tuscany) boring; (lit.): an annoying person.ultima parola exp. last word, bottom line. V valere la pena exp. to be worth the trouble; (lit.): worth the grief or sorrow.vaso di Pandora exp. Pandoras box; (lit.): Pandoras vase.veloce come un razzo exp. as fast as a bullet; (lit.): as fast as a rocket.vivere alla giornata exp. to live from hand to mouth.volente o nolente exp. like it or not; (lit.): willing or unwilling. Z zitellona f. (pejorative) old maid. For more explicit expressions, try Italian Adult Slang.

4 interview mistakes youre making in the first ten minutes

4 interview mistakes youre making in the first ten minutes By: Biron Clark Most employers spend days or even weeks deciding if they want to hire you, but it only takes them a few seconds to rule you out. As an Executive Recruiter, I’ve seen first-hand some crucial missteps from interviewees that have cost them the job.Here are four overlooked interview mistakes that are costing you job offers in the first 10 minutes of your interview.You’re trying to decide mid-interview if you want the jobYou should have one goal in your interview – sell yourself and get invited to the next round in the process. Here’s where many job seekers go wrong: They start trying to decide if they want the job while also trying to sell them self and impress the interviewer.You can gather facts and ask questions to find out about the role (in fact you absolutely should), but never try to decide mid-interview if you’re interested or not. You’ll be distracted and won’t sell yourself as effectively.I’ve seen this hap pen over and over as a Recruiter with the people I’ve coached and helped.For example, you might hear something that worries you about the job, and your energy level will drop. You might stop trying to impress them. Later in the interview, you might hear  a few great things and decide you are interested, but it’s too late – you didn’t seem excited about most of the interview and they’re not going to invite you to continue.It’s better to get invited to continue interviewing at companies you’re not interested in than lose a single job offer you wanted because of this mistake. Wait until you’re home to decide whether you are interested in their job.You don’t seem confidentPeople gather a first impression visually before anything else. Within the first one or two seconds of seeing you, the interviewer is judging you – even if they don’t realize it. By the time you’ve followed them down the hallway and s at down with them, they’ve already gathered a strong impression of you – whether it’s positive or negative.This is the importance of a good handshake, posture and overall body language.This isn’t something you can turn on-and-off at will; especially when you’re tense and nervous in an interview. So start thinking about body language in everyday conversations to prepare for your interviews. Try to keep your shoulders back and your head up straight. When you sit down, avoid tapping your hands or feet or doing anything else that will distract the interviewer. Practice maintaining eye contact before your interview too, especially while talking (most people find it easy to hold eye contact while listening, but much more difficult while talking).Finally, make sure to show confidence in your abilities and your expertise when answering their questions.You’re the expert in your field of work. If not, why would they hire you?So show them you have grea t ideas to contribute and are ready to make an impact and use what you know to help them. This is what top employers look for.You’re worrying if the interviewer likes you or notPeople ask me all the time, â€Å"how will I know if my interview is going well?† Here’s what I tell them: Don’t try.Always assume it’s going well and the company is interested in you. If you start to worry, you’ll lose confidence and then you will do badly (even if you were doing fine before). Some interviewers are friendly to everyone, even if they have no interest in hiring you. Other interviewers show little or no emotion even if they think you’re the perfect fit for them.So stop worrying, and just assume you’re giving great answers from start to finish. It’ll be one less thing to worry about and will make your answers come out better.You didn’t ask enough questionsNow, you might be thinking, â€Å"hold on, Biron. I thought this articl e was about the first 10 minutes of the interview. I’m supposed to ask my questions at the end, right?†That’s correct, but you should also ask questions throughout the interview.Asking questions and gathering information shows them you’re confident in your ability to find a job, and picky about which employer you choose to work for (both good things!) So you want to mix questions into the conversation naturally, rather than waiting for them to invite you to do it. The simplest way to do this is to end some of your answers with a question directed back at them.Here’s an example of how this might look:Interviewer: â€Å"Why do you think you’re a good fit for this job?†You: â€Å"Well, my biggest strength is in financial reporting, and from the job description, it seems like that’s an area you need help with right now. Is that right? And if so, can you tell me a little more about the team’s needs?†Interviewer: â€Å" Yes, that’s right. Our biggest expert just retired and we don’t have enough people to do the work. We also need to make our reporting processes far more efficient.†You: â€Å"Very interesting! My last company actually had a pretty inefficient reporting process when I joined three years ago and I worked with them to improve it. Do you have a sense of where the process can be improved most?†This creates a natural dialogue where you can share your knowledge and start to be seen as an expert. You don’t need to do this with every question, but try to do it once within the first 10 minutes, and two or three times in each interview.If you follow the advice above, you’ll stick in employers’ minds and make them much more likely to hire you.  About the author: Biron is a career advice author, Founder of CareerSidekick.com, and former Executive Recruiter for more than 40 companies, including venture-funded tech startups  and Fortune 500 compa nies across the US and Europe.

Assignment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 6 - Essay Example and Czech Republic, especially reinforced after 1993 ("U.S. Department of State," July 2009). Since Steve proposes to set up Pizza outlets at Czech, he must address issues related to their eating habits, and factors that would affect the customer services:- Czechs are primarily meat eaters; pork, beef and chicken based dishes are popular. Goose, rabbit, duck are found in many common dishes. Many of Europe's popular cakes and pastries have a Czech origin. From a marketing perspective, Chicago style Pizza would have to be positioned against the Czech's popular fried cheese. The cultural differences between U.S. and Czechs are addressable, and should not unduly hamper Steve's business prospects. As a marketing strategy, Steve may wish to explore a few possibilities, such as, to provide: The primary economical advantage to Steve would be the lower wage expectations by Czechs. Hofstede's four dimension indices (http://www.geert-hofstede.com/) can be used to evaluate the business climate at Czech:- Power Distance Index (PDI): This represents the extent to which inequality in society is endorsed by people. The PDI of Czech is 57, as against the U.S. which is 40. Steve can therefore use his positional power, and expect Czech employees to be more subservient than the U.S. counterparts. Individualism (IDV): This repr... As a marketing strategy, Steve may wish to explore a few possibilities, such as, to provide: Combo flavors - Chicago style pizza with Czech fried cheese. Differential discount pricing for kids and "generation-next", targeting young adults. Weekend packages for families with ambience as near as Czech cottages and summer houses. Sober, but caring hospitality. Q.2 What comparative advantages exist in the Czech Can Steve take advantage of these The primary economical advantage to Steve would be the lower wage expectations by Czechs. Hofstede's four dimension indices (http://www.geert-hofstede.com/) can be used to evaluate the business climate at Czech:- Power Distance Index (PDI): This represents the extent to which inequality in society is endorsed by people. The PDI of Czech is 57, as against the U.S. which is 40. Steve can therefore use his positional power, and expect Czech employees to be more subservient than the U.S. counterparts. Individualism (IDV): This represents the extent to which individuals are knit into tight groups, including extended family. A lower index indicates tight grouping, whereas, higher index reflects individualism. As against Czechs index of 58, the U.S. stands at 91. This means that relatively Czechs are more group (as well as, family) oriented. Steve can use this fact to market group discount pricing strategies on eateries. Steve should also use the advantage of knowing Czech culture for better market strategy. Masculinity (MAS): A higher index means assertive (masculine) behavior versus a lower index which indicates caring (feminine) traits. As against Czechs index of 57, the U.S. stands at 62. Although this is a marginal difference, yet it does indicate that Czechs would expect a

Gaming and gambling addiction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gaming and gambling addiction - Research Paper Example Addicts should be provided with adequate help and treatment to get rid of the disease. However, we first need to define the gaming and gambling addiction? Secondly, roles of public and private organizations as well as individuals to stop and discourage online gaming and gambling should be well defined. Antonius has pointed out the same in his article when he say, â€Å" Studies have consistently demonstrated the existence of a small subgroup of video gamers that is seemingly ‘addicted’ to games. (Antonius et al. 205). Though initially the problem begun to erupt at a manageable scale but later on it expanded to a scale that attracted attentions of policy makers, developers and psychiatrists and there were all out efforts to address the issue. â€Å"This online component in gaming led to the initiation of (private and public) treatment programmers targeting gaming addiction. Consequently, there is increasing focus upon online games when studying video game addiction.â₠¬ . Number of research experts from all around the globe began to explore various aspects of the problem and theories are now established in game addiction. Antonius, while elaborating this talk about Korean and western researchers, â€Å"Researcher report specifically that Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs) are the main culprits in cases of online video game addiction.... s where the initial form of this addiction and now multiplayer online games have emerged as the most recent form that need more attention, involvement and time. â€Å"In the 1980s, games such as Centipede, Space Invaders, Pac Man, and Donkey Kong were popularized. These were single-player games against the machine and getting good at the game only meant a high score and improvement of the gamers’ eye-hand coordination. By the 1990s, gaming evolved from single-player games to gaming experiences. Gamers could become immersed in a virtual world that they helped to create. Games such as Doom and Quake were introduced that allowed players to create new rooms, customize their characters, and specify the kinds of weapons used.† (Young, 356). The advancement in the online and offline gaming were very fast and the new richer gaming features attracted the attention of most Internet users. Last two decades have seen an outburst of these games with ever advancing lucid graphics and interactive features. Obviously the grown attention of our adolescents to these trends resulted in decreased attention around their surroundings and academic activities. They may even not watch where they going because their face is buried in a game. They might also lose grip with reality because in the games they can be or do anything they want. â€Å"There are also studies that have claimed that online gaming addiction may be addictive because of self-report accounts of very excessive use of up to 80h a week† (Griffiths et al., 205-216). However, Griffiths has argued that excessive activity and addictive activity are two very different things (although admittedly they do overlap) (Griffiths, 191-197). But according to Antonius, â€Å"the present study contributes to the debate on video game addiction by

On the Morning of Christs Nativity focuses on the Incarnation, Lycidas Essay

On the Morning of Christs Nativity focuses on the Incarnation, Lycidas on the Resurrection, but both treat of redemptive divine power. How does Miltons u - Essay Example Though the first poem, â€Å"On the morning of Christ’s Nativity,† deals primarily with the temporal aspect of Christ in the manger and the spectacle of such an event, Milton breaks through the constraints of time and accesses scenes of new life from diverse eras in order to feed the situation with its due amount of reverence. With the second poem, â€Å"Lycidas,† Milton does something similar, in that he treats the death of the mortal with such an eternal quality that it highlights the new and eternal life that is granted each human by the Christian doctrine to which he subscribed. In the poem that focuses on the birth of Christ, Milton effects a slight deviation of emphasis when he writes of the morning, rather than the night of Christ’s birth. The action has its desired effect, as morning is necessarily brings accompanied by the images of newness and life. The idea of Christ’s bringing redemption â€Å"from above† (1.4) dovetails with the image of the morning, as this new day or new life might be considered a gift from the rising sun, which issues its light from above. However, the comparison of the sun to Christ exists only in incipience here; later it becomes more obvious in the depiction of the sun recoiling in deference to the greater light of One who gives a greater life (VII.79-84). The idea of the Incarnation is present not just in the mention of Christ’s birth but in the treatment of the things surrounding it. Christ is named â€Å"that Light unsufferable† and is depicted as shedding the cover of his glorious environs; but being light, He penetrates and animates â€Å"a darksome house of mortal Clay† (II.14). This is a direct reference to the Incarnation, but it also calls forth the idea of the beginning of time and of all life, where God came down and animated not just the earth’s verdant cover, but the earth itself by blowing his breath into the clay and giving life to man. The image of death vanquished is also utilised as a method of

Strategic Hospitality Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Hospitality Management - Case Study Example Moreover, it will discover the UK consumer trends, present the variety of backgrounds of investors and give a future outlook along with a forecast which has been urbanized to illustrate the industry and the factors moving its growth and future. In conclusion, it will comment on short-term and long-term investment as well as recommending an outcome for the investor. A Thistle Euston hotel, according to the EU, is defined as 'a communal accommodation enterprise, typified as being prearranged in rooms exceeding a countrywide specified minimum and as providing ordinary services, counting room service'. Usually, the UK definition is made according to the investment of a license to sell liquor. (Lawson, 1998) According to the newest beginning figures from the Hotel Thistle Euston Survey by Deloitte, the UK hotel industry has established to be the strongest entertainer in Europe in the first six months of 2004, by means of revenue per obtainable room (revPAR) rising 11 percent against the similar period in 2003, resulting from a balanced mix of rising occupancies and standard room rates. London, which is the most important performer in the UK, knowledgeable a 6% augment in standard room rate year on year (ACAS 2002). Budget Hotel is on the entire purpose-built, identified lodging unit by a smallest of 50 rooms and standard low prices. Personage units are frequently identified as lodges, inns or - less usually now - motels. Bed and Breakfast is a private house; several rooms of which are set aside for overnight guests whose paid lodging comprise breakfast. (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language) The competitive environment There is always tough competition amongst the key players inside the UK Hotel Industry: From the Smith Travel Research where the grand insist for the Residence Inn was at 30% and the supply was merely at 8%. The Marriott PLC has urbanized a new group called "Residence Inn" to adapt this great market insist. UK center market hotel brand, Thistle, is initiation a luxury worldwide sister - Guoman, which is set to spread internationally. In order to grow the brand Thistle intends to upgrade some existing properties in the UK and launch an "ambitious acquisition strategy" abroad. Whitbread has made the decision to decrease their experience to (and eventually exit from) the full-service hotels division where they are the UK operators of the Marriott brand, due to the low returns from this franchised commerce. The company also obtain Premier Lodge from Spirit Group for pound; 505 million, and combining Travel Inn and Premier Lodge and marketing them to the UK consumer under on brand (Ackers, P. 2002, 2-19). Thistle Euston has draw round a violent e-commerce policy since

Environmental Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Environmental Economics - Essay Example Ragweed plants are not native to Europe but were imported into the continent from America in the 19th century (Borenstein). According to the study co-author Robert Vautard, a scientist at the Climate and Environment Sciences Laboratory in Yvette, ragweed are not yet spread across the continent but they will have covered most parts by 2050 (Borenstein). According to Robert, some parts of the United Kingdom, France, and Germany do not have the deadly allergens. According to Daniel Chapman, a species expert at Center for Ecology and Hydrology in Edinburgh, the increase in temperatures and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will enable ragweed to be more active thus spreading further north. Although he did not participate in the study, Chapman praised the study and stated that the number of allergic sufferers will definitely increase (Borenstein). By using computer simulations with varying concentrations of carbon dioxide, the researchers estimated that if the amount of emissions from oil, coal, and gas are not reduced as expected, there will be annual pollen increase of 100 to 1100 percent (Borenstein). According to Vaudart, the study, which was simulated for 35 years, shows that the average increase in pollen concentration will be 300 percent. In addition to that, Vaudart added that only one third of the increased ragweed is caused by land use and the manner in which these plants take over new territories. The rest of the ragweed increase is mainly caused by climate change (Borenstein). According to earlier research and studies, ragweed season for pollen grain dissemination has extended its duration by around three weeks in North America mainly due to climate change (Borenstein). Michael Kolian, a US Environmental Protection Agency scientist stated that the new study matches with previous studies and US National Climate Assessment which established that climate change and the

Socio-economic and political environment of America Essay

Socio-economic and political environment of America - Essay Example The new racism highlighted the differences within the black community. Interestingly, the new racism also raised controversy vis-a-vis ‘old’ versus ‘new’ civil rights. The civil liberation movement of Martin Luther King based on racial differences had turned into new racism where blacks started fighting within themselves. The black community seemed to be divided on the basis of sexuality. The homosexual blacks saw themselves as victims who were discriminated because of their sexuality. Most importantly, this new racism also became the major factor for the non discriminatory practices and bridged the racial differences between white and black community. The new conscious awareness vis-a-vis sexuality and gender helped realigned social forces and reduced the racial differences. The participation of black community in the mainstream economy has seen trickle down effect. The empowerment of black community has become a reality and election of Barrack Obama as Pre sident is testament to the growing strength of blacks within and outside the American socio-political arena. The development of Rainbow Coalition as economic restructure for African Americans has become a key feature of trickle down economics that has helped black community to become economic partners in America society (Hines, pg. 591).

Strategic Hospitality Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Hospitality Management - Case Study Example Moreover, it will discover the UK consumer trends, present the variety of backgrounds of investors and give a future outlook along with a forecast which has been urbanized to illustrate the industry and the factors moving its growth and future. In conclusion, it will comment on short-term and long-term investment as well as recommending an outcome for the investor. A Thistle Euston hotel, according to the EU, is defined as 'a communal accommodation enterprise, typified as being prearranged in rooms exceeding a countrywide specified minimum and as providing ordinary services, counting room service'. Usually, the UK definition is made according to the investment of a license to sell liquor. (Lawson, 1998) According to the newest beginning figures from the Hotel Thistle Euston Survey by Deloitte, the UK hotel industry has established to be the strongest entertainer in Europe in the first six months of 2004, by means of revenue per obtainable room (revPAR) rising 11 percent against the similar period in 2003, resulting from a balanced mix of rising occupancies and standard room rates. London, which is the most important performer in the UK, knowledgeable a 6% augment in standard room rate year on year (ACAS 2002). Budget Hotel is on the entire purpose-built, identified lodging unit by a smallest of 50 rooms and standard low prices. Personage units are frequently identified as lodges, inns or - less usually now - motels. Bed and Breakfast is a private house; several rooms of which are set aside for overnight guests whose paid lodging comprise breakfast. (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language) The competitive environment There is always tough competition amongst the key players inside the UK Hotel Industry: From the Smith Travel Research where the grand insist for the Residence Inn was at 30% and the supply was merely at 8%. The Marriott PLC has urbanized a new group called "Residence Inn" to adapt this great market insist. UK center market hotel brand, Thistle, is initiation a luxury worldwide sister - Guoman, which is set to spread internationally. In order to grow the brand Thistle intends to upgrade some existing properties in the UK and launch an "ambitious acquisition strategy" abroad. Whitbread has made the decision to decrease their experience to (and eventually exit from) the full-service hotels division where they are the UK operators of the Marriott brand, due to the low returns from this franchised commerce. The company also obtain Premier Lodge from Spirit Group for pound; 505 million, and combining Travel Inn and Premier Lodge and marketing them to the UK consumer under on brand (Ackers, P. 2002, 2-19). Thistle Euston has draw round a violent e-commerce policy since

Socio-economic and political environment of America Essay

Socio-economic and political environment of America - Essay Example The new racism highlighted the differences within the black community. Interestingly, the new racism also raised controversy vis-a-vis ‘old’ versus ‘new’ civil rights. The civil liberation movement of Martin Luther King based on racial differences had turned into new racism where blacks started fighting within themselves. The black community seemed to be divided on the basis of sexuality. The homosexual blacks saw themselves as victims who were discriminated because of their sexuality. Most importantly, this new racism also became the major factor for the non discriminatory practices and bridged the racial differences between white and black community. The new conscious awareness vis-a-vis sexuality and gender helped realigned social forces and reduced the racial differences. The participation of black community in the mainstream economy has seen trickle down effect. The empowerment of black community has become a reality and election of Barrack Obama as Pre sident is testament to the growing strength of blacks within and outside the American socio-political arena. The development of Rainbow Coalition as economic restructure for African Americans has become a key feature of trickle down economics that has helped black community to become economic partners in America society (Hines, pg. 591).

The history of gambling Essay Example for Free

The history of gambling Essay Gambling is one of the oldest known pursuits of mankind. Archeological evidence suggests that even the earliest caveman was a gambler. Dice-like objects made from the ankle bone of a sheep or dog called Astragali dating back 40,000 years have been found. Cave drawings depicting gambling offer further proof of the existence of early gamblers. Pairs of dice have even turned up in the ruins of Pompeii, some of them loaded to fall a certain way. Around 2300 B. C. , the Chinese invented a game of chance using tiles, and 1100 years later Greek soldiers amused themselves with dice games, though in ancient Greece gambling was illegal. In Egypt, a pair of ivory dice were found in Thebes dating back to 1500 B. C. , and ancient gambling artifacts have been unearthed in China, Japan, India and Rome. In ancient Rome, Claudius redesigned his carriage so that he would have more room to throw dice, Caligula confiscated knights property to cover his gambling debts, and Roman soldiers gambled for the robes of Christ after his crucifixion. At the height of the Roman Empire, lawmakers decreed that all children were to be taught to gamble and throw dice. During the 14th century, and in spite of being an inveterate gambler himself, King Henry VIII outlawed gambling when he discovered that his soldiers spent more time gambling than improving their battle skills. When Henrys wife, Anne Boleyn, and her brother were tried for treason and incest, the odds were 10-to-1 on acquittal. In the New World, Native Americans , believing that the gods themselves invented games of chance, played dice with plum stones painted white or black. In addition to wagering possessions, Native Americans also played to predict future harvests and in hopes of curing seriously ill tribal members. During the Revolutionary War, lotteries bankrolled the Continental Army. Washington himself bought the first ticket for a federal lottery in 1793 sponsored to finance improvements in the District of Columbia, and nearly all state governments sanctioned lotteries. By the 1830s, more than 420 lotteries nationwide offered prizes. Lotteries remained a popular fund-raising method throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Riverboats and frontier towns in the New World emerged providing new gambling venues, sometimes legal, sometimes not. And one risked much more than a few gold pieces when gambling in the frontier days. Card cheats and con men were often lynched, denoting the publics attitude toward professional gamblers, or sharpers as they were often known. In the 1830s, refugee sharpers from the South moved to Cincinnati and opened the nations first Wolf-Traps or 10 Percent Houses, named for of the houses cut of the action. Cincinnati also was the birthplace of the Horse-Hair game, a method for cheating in cards by which a player, aided by an accomplices distractions, manipulated cards and chips by use of a horse hair attached to a vest button. After the Civil War, evangelical reform wiped out most of the lotteries. In the 1890s, the flagrant fraud of the nationally marketed Louisiana lottery led Congress to outlaw the remaining games, creating a public disdain for lotteries, and in 1910 Nevada made it a felony to operate a gambling game. Prohibition sent drinking and gambling underground. But it didnt stay down for long. In the 1930s, restrictions eased up and legalized betting on horse racing became popular. In 1931, Nevada legalized gambling again, and casinos literally sprouted from the sands of the desert. Atlantic City followed suit in 1978 and since then, other states have legalized various forms of gambling. Gamblers were hungry for a variety of games and where the early casinos offered just a few choices, the new and improved versions started adding variety to the games. Down in Texas theyd been playing a poker game called Hold Em and as the Texans traveled thru Nevada, they urged the casinos to add this poker variant. They didnt just want to play poker, they wanted to play Texas Hold Em as the variant came to be known. Variants of blackjack and poker started popping up all thru the casinos, sometimes from foreign travelers bringing an overseas version and sometimes by the casinos themselves attempting to tip the odds. Either way it was a hit and places like Las Vegas became all the rage, growing faster than anyone could have imagined. Variations of the games were sometimes used as a draw for a particular casino, being the only casino to offer that variant. Not to be outdone, other casinos would offer their own variations and before long there were dozens of different poker games and blackjack games.

Segregation Of Public Schools Effects On Student Achievement Education Essay

Segregation Of Public Schools Effects On Student Achievement Education Essay School systems across the U.S. are voluntarily segregating their schools and schools may be more segregated today than they were at the height of the Civil Rights Movement. There is overwhelming evidence that segregation is a toxic social issue that serves to fortify discriminatory viewpoints and attitudes that negatively affect particular populations of people and innately puts Black and Latino students at a disadvantage, weakening facets of social capital in these students neighborhoods and further widening the life-long achievement gap between these students and their White counterparts. Black students continue to score lower than White students on standardized tests are underrepresented in institutions of higher learning and achieve overwhelmingly lower rates of wealth. This research will evaluate the affect of racial segregation on student academic achievement, which for purpose of this research will include standardized testing performance as well as attributes of social mobility, in order to identify the best model for U.S. school systems that fosters equity in access to resources and high student achievement. In the present paper, several case studies that investigate the learning outcomes and academic achievement in segregated schools are evaluated. From review of these case studies a hypothesis can be formed that states that racial segregation is detrimental to non-white students, particularly Blacks and Latinos. The following literature reviews demonstrate and support this hypothesis. The studies conclude that students who attend primarily minority schools are not as well prepared for post-secondary education and that this achievement gap is directly related to the degree to which they experienced segregation. The research also shows that all student benefit from diversity in their school setting; White students are also disadvantaged by re-segregation of schools. Review of Literature In a research article by Jones-Sanpei (2009), the research first identifies specific overarching goals of public education. The goals of education that this study evaluated are individual outcomes (academic achievement and job readiness) community outcomes (parental empowerment and social capital networks) and, individual social outcomes, such as future political engagement, social skills, and civic skills. Secondly the Jones-Sanpei research discussed the theory and research surrounding social capital and used data from five southern school districts and matching data from the 2000 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS), (7) to examine the relationship between community social capital and segregated public schools. The study concluded by speculating about the potential effect of re-segregating public schools on both community and individual social capital. The Jones-Sanpei study stated that several factors promote student individual academic outcomes, which are usually measured by standardized exam scores. According to Jones-Sanpei (2009), student individual academic outcomes rely heavily on teacher attributes, pedagogical philosophy (teaching styles), and school structure. The study also takes into consideration school-mixed factors (community measures) such as parental involvement, curriculum funding, equity issues and community involvement, deemphasizing the practice of using solely standardized testing models to quantify students learning outcomes and student potential future competitiveness. The literature further legitimizes the importance of community measures as important outcomes of public education. Specific forms of social capital that may be fostered by public education include obligations and expectations among a network of individuals, information channels, and social norms. Social capital enables community members to tru st one another, establish business and political organizations, and to be involved in public education. Interactions through the public school medium have the potential to increase the general social capital of a community. (Jones-Sanpei, 2009). The Jones-Sanpei study looked at two large southern school districts from 1992/1998 through 2005. The six school districts included in this analysis all had between 50,000 and 125,000 students in the 2005-2006 school-year. Additional community measures included the percent of each racial group in the community; mean community education, mean community income, and population density based on 1990 Census data. Community social capital measures tested by the study were interracial friendships, informal socializing and social trust. To test the hypothesis that communities with segregated public schools have lower community social capital, the study used t-tests, then used logistic regression to examine which social capital measures contributed to the interracial friendship measure. The findings of the study were that residents of communities with higher levels of school district segregation reported significantly lower levels of general social trust while communities with less segregated school districts reported significantly more social trust. Furthermore, respondents with higher general social trust were twenty-nine percent more likely to report having interracial friendships than respondents who reported lower general social trust. The findings support the hypothesis that segregated schools put children at a disadvantage for competing with their peers who will later have to work in a diverse society. It may be that community social capital influences local school district policymaking with respect to racial integration or that district segregation influences community social capital. In conclusion, there seems to be a relationship between district segregation and community indicators of social capital. ( Jones-Sanpei, 2009) The (Goldsmith, 2009) study of the affect of re-segregation of public schools focused on the long-term effects of this segregated schooling on achievement levels of Black and Latino students. The study used longitudinal data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 which surveyed a sample of eight graders from across the U.S. in the spring of 1988. Students were resurveyed in 1990, 1992, 1994 and 2000. The NELS:88 data is relevant research about educational processes and outcome which include student learning, predictors of dropping out and effects on students access to equal education. Studying the minority-concentration and educational-attainment relationship is important because racial  segregation results  in  blacks and Latinos attending  schools  and living in neighborhoods with higher proportions of minorities than whites. (Goldsmith, 2009, 4) This study hypothesized that segregation perpetuates racial inequality and that the percentage of black or Lati no in a neighborhood negatively affects individuals educational achievement. The focus of ( Goldsmith, 2009) was the circumstances surrounding segregated schools, and possible causes of the segregation. This research summarized findings of previous studies and found that The racial segregation of neighborhoods is principally responsible for the racial segregation of schools (Goldsmith, 2009, p10).that show that schools that attempted to change from white, segregated schools to integrated schools had high rates of teachers and staff who reported that they did not receive adequate training to teach in integrated settings. Goldsmith also concluded that schools of segregated populations of Black and Latino students were less likely to graduate from high school and attain a bachelors degree than students in predominantly white schools. Empirical data from previous studies was analyzed the correlation between segregated neighborhoods, segregated schools and educational outcomes. This research supports earlier discussed hypotheses of segregations affect on individua l achievement and community social capital by analyzing the validity of the perpetuation theory. This theory maintains that Blacks and Latinos who experience segregation in schools and their communities continue to be segregated in other social institutions over the course of their lives fail to develop networks with whites or the knowledge for developing these networks. These networks are important because they carry high-status knowledge, for example, about college admission procedures. An inability to form social ties with whites and to access information in white networks reduces the life chances of blacks and Latinos well after adolescence. (Goldsmith, 2009, p10). Goldsmith, 2009 also presents reason for future research to study schools in predominantly minority neighborhoods as it would provide valuable data on effects of segregation on student achievement. The method for this research included NELS data as stated before as well as an analysis of students residential zip code areas retrieved from eth 1990 and 1992 census reports. The research conducted by (Austin, A M, 2008) clearly lays out data for the correlation between segregated schools and achievement on non-white students. The weight of the findings in this study further legitimize the importance of the two previous studies discussion of the long-term, quality of life disparities caused by the lack-luster community social capital of students in segregated schools and segregated neighborhoods. The main focus of this research was to compare the grade point averages of white male and female students to the grade point averages of male and female minority students. The students high school GPAs are then used a measure to project future college achievement by race. This research also supports the research presented by the NELS, clearly stating that racial segregation in schools across the U.S. directly affects minority students ability to compete in institutions of higher learning and eventually in the job market. (Austin, A M, 2008) found that the gap between white and minority students is about 11.2% of the average GPA. This study also looked at the effect of different environmental factors faced by minority students, specifically their segregation in early years of schooling, to explain the academic performance gap that existed once they reached the post-secondary level. Like previously reviewed studies, this study sound that minority students tend to live in segregated neighborhoods and attend segregated schools. This fact put minority students at a grave disadvantage at the post-secondary education level. For the research, student performance was tracked over a period of 6 years of 1331 public school students from the State of Georgia who enter the University of West Georgia in the Fall semester of 2001. Of the 1331 students in the study, 60% are female, 75.1% are white, 20.4% are black and the remaining students are Asian (1.1%), Hispanic (1.4%), Native American (0.4%) and multi-racial ( 1.7%). The average high school GPA is 3.01, and the average SAT scores are 502 for the verbal test, and 497 for the math. The study by (Massey, 2006) reported that 2/3 of African American lived under conditions of high racial segregation, and that 2/3 of all African Americans attended minority dominant schools. Masseys study focused on the academic achievement of 3924 students entering 28 selective universities in the Fall semester of 1999. He surveys these freshmen and assembles a data set on social conditions in neighborhoods and high schools and finds that minority students from segregated backgrounds attended substandard schools, received lower quality instruction, were exposed to higher levels of disorder and violence, and were less prepared socially for campus life. (Massey, 2006, 6) By looking at the reported performance of these students over their first three semesters in college, Massey concluded that segregation has a significant impact on student achievement. He estimated that going from total integration to total segregation would lower GPAs by about 0.13, and that taking segregated backgro unds into account reduces the performance gap, but doesnt completely eliminate it. He also predicts that, because his data is from highly selective schools, in general the effect will be worse. The study by (Condron, 2009) found that the number one cause of the achievement gap between minority students and white students is racial segregation in the schools. This study cited the social and economic stratification (social capital) between black and white Americans as a barrier to student achievement in schools and later as adults. This research used 1st grade data from a longitudinal study of a pre-kindergarten cohort and found that segregated schools cause an elevated role in the academic achievement gap as well as in social class disparities. This studys approach to the research differed from most by looking at social class as it directly correlates with race as opposed to looking at race as a sole determining factor of socio-economic status. This approach allowed the researcher to take into account that children growing up in different positions in the stratification hierarchy have categorically unequal and qualitatively different (rather than continuously graded) life and educational experiences [and that] poverty involves distinct material hardships and environmental disadvantages that may stunt poor childrens cognitive development (Condron, 2009, p9). This research also went deeper into the school-level practices that attribute to student achievement gap more so than the other literature reviewed here. In addition to looking at social capital, which other studies also did, this study analyzed organizational processes, teacher attributes and resources at the schools, in relation to student body composition. This study found that racially segregated schools had poor administrative cohesion, poorly developed staff, and substandard resources for students. In conclusion, the research is clear that despite historic Supreme Court victories to desegregate U.S. public schools, the workforce may be integrated but our neighborhoods and schools are not. There needs to be more research done in the way of showing more qualitative data of the future overall individual achievement of minority students who attend predominantly minority schools, segregated from white students. This should be done so that that one of two things can take place. Either a de-segregation movement in education reform policy needs to be pushed through or schools that remain segregated need to be brought up to the same standards of predominantly white, high performing school. It has already been proven that this has a significant impact on students in two ways. The first solution may prove more favorable as research also provides evidence that a diverse school environment benefits both minority and white students alike. The study will seek to provide to answer these specific questions: What is the perspective of individual teachers of the effects of their students culture, class, and gender on their academic performance? How do students view their race and the race of their classmates as factors that affect their academic achievement and overall academic experience? How do students and teacher talk about racial inequality in their school? How does school segregation affect both white and non-white students? The proposed study will help bring awareness to these critical points. Methodology For my study I will use two New York City schools, both on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. One school is a charter school where of the 380 students, 43% are black, 29% are Hispanic, 1% are White and 1% are Asian (information for the ethnicities of the other 25% was not provided at time of this proposal). 100% of the students who attend this k-5 school qualify for free lunch based on government poverty guidelines. The math and reading scores are high, among the best in the city (http://insideschools.org/?fs=1280). The other schools, a pubic school under the department of education, demographics is such: of 336 students, 13% black, 36% Hispanic, 34%White, 13% Asian (http://insideschools.org/index12.php?fs=20). The math and reading scores at this school are less than stellar. I will select 15 respondents from each school for the interview; three students from each grade, grade 3 through 5, one Black, one White and one Asian. I will select two teachers from each grade level. Teachers i n both upper and lower elementary school will be chosen and their ethnicities will be mixed to mirror those of the students being interviewed. This will be done to ascertain whether there are common themes in regards to perspective of race and students achievement amongst the teachers in terms of their ethnic background. The teachers will be selected based on the test score of their students from previous years; teachers with high results for student achievement will be selected. Data will be collected through interviews and observations. The interviews will be open-ended. They will focus on biographical information, what populations they have the most experience teaching, what they felt contributed to their success and trends in academic achievement they notice among the students they have worked with. They will also be asked general questions about how they prepare themselves to be culturally aware, how they address diversity or multiculturalism in the classroom and how they communicate expectations to their students. A sample of interview questions for the teachers that will be used: 1. Tell me about yourself? (Where are you from, upbringing, culture, why you chose to be a teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) 2. Have you been to any professional development workshop about diversity in the classroom? 3. How do you think your background and/or teacher training influence how you interact with students? (Your rapport with the students, communication style, your ethnic background in comparison to your students) 4. Do you set high expectations in your classroom? Why? Why not? 5. Do your expectations change depending on the demographics of your class? A sample of interview questions for the students that will be used: 1. Do you spend time with kids who are different from you in school? How are they different? 2. What is it like to go to school with these kids? 3. Do you have friends that attend another school? What is it like for them? 4. Does your teacher set high expectations for you? 5. Is school difficult for you? Why or why not? 6. Do you ever feel that you are different from your classmates or teachers? How? The teachers will be observed and video taped for ten hours in the span of three months. During the observations the researchers will take specific notes in regards to the teachers behavior and interaction with students. Potential codes that may arise include: expectations, communication, empathy and rapport. The researchers will look at the data identify overarching themes that speak to the effects of the shift to re-segregation of public schools. The data will be studied to see how the experiences of students in racially diverse school settings differ from those in segregated school settings and how this experience may translate to differences in academic achievement and components of the social capital theory, specifically, obligations and expectations among a network of individuals, information channels, and social norms. The committee will also seek to see if there are common themes in regards to the teachers ethnicity and professional development in regard to their cultural sensitivity. They will look at how the perspectives and identity of the teachers reflects how they approach diversity in the classroom and how they transmit information about a variety of topics, and how they set expectations for their students depending on students race. Discussion This research will clearly show that re-segregation is a problem that needs to be taken under control. This research is not only concerned with academic achievement affected by segregation, but is also concerned with students and teachers experience and perspective of race in the school. The data collected will tell the story of what effect race has on a school community and the whole educational experience of students. I expect to find that in the charter school where students are segregated in that there is a very small percentage of white students and there is less of a mixed demographics, that teachers are under-prepared to teach in classrooms where their students race is different from their own. I also expect to find that these teachers have had little or no professional development for fostering cultural sensitivity in their classrooms. Most importantly, I expect to find that teachers expectations and perception of student achievement in the charter school will be inconsistent, and differ from those of teachers in the public school where there is a more diverse student population and that their attitudes will decrease the effectiveness of their classroom instruction, thereby hindering the academic achievement of their students. Another expected result of this research is that students of different races will have significantly different responses to the question of what their teachers expectations. I expect that while teachers may report that they have the same expectations for all of their students, interview responses from students may very well reveal that students are intuitive and sensitive to the differences in teacher expectation that may be communicated through subtle teacher behavior like how much they are encouraged to participate in class discussions compared to other students. Possible shortcomings of the methods in this proposed study are that this data collected in the manner previously stated does not provide true longitudinal data to track specific students experiences of racial integration or segregation and their resulting academic achievement beyond elementary school. A longitudinal study may follow this study in the future. Further considerations for methodology that may affect the outcomes of this study are the affect of overall student interracial experiences. Limitations to the proposed research methods are that no data will be collected that gives researchers information for what the out-of-school experiences for the students are; do they live in diverse neighborhoods or segregated communities? What are their parent interracial relationships and/or experiences that may inform them? In future research data may be collected on the degree to which students are segregated outside of school. To collect this data, student enrollment records would have to be collected, tracking the students by race and places of residence, which can be generally identified by area zip codes. The possible problem with collecting this data may be that some students actually live outside the neighborhood listed on records. This could affect the findings of this research by misrepresenting the correlation between in-school seg regation and neighborhood segregation that affect overall student segregation and academic performance. Another limitation of the interview method to collect data in this study is that students and teachers may answer as they feel they are expected to. This would make the data collected by interview about teacher rapport with students and expectations of students achievement inconsistent with data that may be collected through formal observations by researcher. As we see more school reforms that resemble business models and more charters, we also see more segregation. One possible implication of this research is that charter, which appear to contribute heavily to the re-segregation, will come under more stringent scrutiny and closer regulation. As for public schools that are a part of the board of education. Other possible implications of this research are that administrations will consider more professional development training for their teachers in eth way of preparing them to teach their diverse or non-diverse populations. As stated in the introduction of this proposal, one of the goals of public schooling is to produce critical thinkers who can function in what is becoming a more diverse global job market. Having said this, it is foreseeable that this research will be used to inform schools and educators to the extent to which they are meeting this requirement of public schooling or missing the mark. There sill also be a shift in the conversations that surround race in the school. Through the information gathered from the interview responses, teachers and administration will become aware of the disconnect between students experiences and teachers perception of students experiences.

The House on Mango Street :: House Mango Street

The House on Mango Street This book is so powerful because Sandra Cisneros gives a first-hand account of the everyday magic and misery of young Esperanza, simultaneously applying themes of her desire for escape and love for the people and bittersweet childhood of Mango Street. In many other novels of this sort, the dialog comes across as an extended complaint, a long and tiresome negative report of how down-trodden and hopeless is a given situation, and how arrogantly nonchalant are those who benefit from or cause it. The beauty of this book is Cisneros' deft mingling of Mango Street's poverty and low social status with its inherently human beauty and magic when seen through the eyes of a young girl. Mango Street's humanly rich qualities are what will bring Esperanza back. The mayor won't help Mango Street, so who will? Clearly, at the end of the book, she will. Her telling of their story in such a positive and invigorating light might change the mayor's mind. Reading Cisneros' brief biography on the last pag e says that she taught high school drop-outs, probably not from towns like Amherst or Acton, but from neighborhoods like Mango Street. Seldom can an author make a pointed social and political statement about poverty and social stratification without making it oppressive and depressing. Esperanza realizes her situation enough to want to escape it. She sympathizes with her father who wakes up in the dark every morning and is gone before the rest of the house is awake. But she is at the same time wonderfully innocent. She and her friends believe that the Earl of Tennessee's prostitutes are his wife, and no one can agree on what she looks like. This book is like a photo album, there is no chronological story, but each snap-shot a whole story in itself. Interspersed throughout the Mango Street-specific bits, are pieces of timeless relevance, like "A Rice Sandwich." This sketch tells the timeless truth that you always want what you don't have, but once you get it, it's not so great anymore. "Canteen! Even the word sounds important!" She doesn't belong there, and the kids who do are probably wishing they could go home for lunch.

Belief Systems and Gender Roles in Dracula :: Dracula Essays

Belief Systems and Gender Roles in Dracula There is a classic "good versus evil" plot to this novel. The evil of course being Count Dracula and the Good being represented by the Harkers, Dr. Seward and Lucy, Arthur, Quincy and the Professor. It is the continuing battle between Dracula and the forces of good. Good in this case is the Christian God. The battle is foretold by the landlady where she says, "It is the eve of St Georges Day. Do you no know that tonight, when the clock strikes midnight, all the evil things in the world will have full sway?" and she hands Harker a crucifix (p 12). The crucifix and the empty cross are symbols of fear, loathing and danger to Dracula. There is a certain irony here as the cross is the ultimate symbol of redemption to all Christians. Sin or rather the dark side of humanity's turning from God is recognized and can be redeemed by coming to the cross. The cross is also a symbol of resurrection. The resurrection is the gift of eternal life through Christ to which all Christians can aspire. This is opposed to the Un-Dead nature of Dracula. He is immortal but it is not an eternal joyful thing. Indeed the eternity is always under threat by the very normalcy and goodness of people like the Harkers. This book is set in an age where science and the world of the Enlightenment, that is the world of rational thought and proven theories, ruled. Dr. Seward represents this world. It is opposed to the seemingly unexplainable world of Dracula and his world of mystery and fable. The events that the different characters experience, although documented faithfully are thought too unbelievable by Professor Van Helsing to be passed on (p 486). It is as if the truth can't be handled by the world at large or that by retaining the story to themselves the central characters will preserve a very terrible but precious memory. A memory made precious because of the depths of courage and faith that had to be mined by and in each of them. This is not a case of post-modern thought challenging the modernist attitudes of that Enlightenment nor can it be because post-modernist thought was not formulated in the book's context.

Management Planning – the Boeing Company

Management Planning – The Boeing Company Management Planning Boeing is an aerospace company, a manufacturer of commercial jetliners and military aircraft. Boeing also designs and manufactures rotorcraft, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and advanced information and communications systems (Boeing Company, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate management planning for the Boeing Company. The Boeing Company’s business is conducted by its employees, managers and corporate officers led by the chief executive officer, with oversight from the Board of Directors. The Board’s Governance, Organization and Nominating Committee periodically review the Company’s corporate governance principles and current practices (Boeing Company, 2010). Business planning at Boeing is persuaded by internal and external factors such as: legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Factors such as laws, economic conditions, and competition influence the company’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning (Boeing Company, 2010). Legal Issues The planning process of the company can be problematical, at times, by legal issues, which can put the company in a bad position. In August of 2000, the Boeing Company settled two lawsuits that allege the Seattle-based manufacturer placed defective gears in CH-47D â€Å"Chinook† helicopters and then sold the aircraft to the United States Army; the amount of the settlement was for $54 million. Boeing used two subcontractors, Litton Precision Gear of Bedford Park, Illinois and SPECO Corporation of Springfield, Ohio to manufacture the flight-critical transmission gears for the helicopter. One of the gears, manufactured by Litton, failed in flight, causing an Army Chinook helicopter to crash and burn while on a mission in Honduras in 1988. Five servicemen aboard were killed. Two of the gears manufactured by SPECO failed in flight in Chinook helicopters. One craft, which crashed in January 1991 during Operation Desert Shield in Saudi Arabia, was totally destroyed. Two individuals aboard were injured. In another incident at Ft. Meade, Maryland in June 1993 during a training flight, a Chinook sustained over one-half million dollars in damage. The helicopters destroyed in Honduras and Saudi Arabia were valued at more than $10 million each (U. S. Department of Justice, 2000). Boeing suffered a huge monetary lost in addition to the bad publicity and reputation that these defective gears. Boeing has learned from these mistakes and has implemented processes to analyze the background checks for every subcontractor hired by the company. Ethics Boeing’s business plans cannot happen without integrity (Boeing, 2010). The Boeing Company has a strict ethics policy that was created to protect the company and its employees. All employees at Boeing are required to obey all the information given in the employee Code of Conduct handbook. Boeing has a hotline, which employees can call to ask questions or report violations of policies. The Finance department has additional policies that must be followed for the accurate reporting of company financial records. It is essential for policies to be followed so the integrity of the company is not compromised. An example of bad ethics that influenced the company dramatically was when Boeing was in June of 2006. A legal issue involving an investigation over the improper acquisition of proprietary documents from a rival, the Lockheed Martin Corporation, which Boeing employees used to try to gain government rocket launching business (Leslie, 2006). In the end, Boeing’s financial chief was sentenced to four months in prison for ethics violations for offering a job to a former Air Force official and in the rocket launching case, Boeing was suspended for 20 months from Air Force rocket business. Boeing was estimated to have lost $1 billion in government contracts because of the suspension. Boeing chairman, W. James McNerney Jr. stated the company was already moving forward with substantial efforts to strengthen the company’s ethics and compliance. Because of poor ethics, Boeing lost over $1 billion dollars for the company (Leslie, 2006). Cooperate Social Responsibility Giving back to the community is a Boeing core value. The company and its employees work in partnership with communities globally (Boeing Company, 2010). Currently they are partnered with community organization in 26 states, 14 countries and 6 regions outside the U. S. Boeing employees have contributed more than $10 million through a company gift-matching program, and volunteered thousands of hours of personal service. Boeing employees gave an additional $31. 5 million through the Employees Community Fund, one of the largest employee-owned funds in the world (Boeing Company, 2010). Economic Conditions Current economic circumstances are deciding factors on how Boeing plans operationally, strategically and tactically. Since the United States’ severe economic downturn in the past couple of years, Boeing has suffered due to airlines being in financial trouble. Business has reduced greatly and Boeing has forced some cancellations and deferrals of aircraft orders, but Boeing said it has other customers waiting in line for new, more cost-efficient planes. The recent economic downturn makes it clear that Boeing must retain flexibility in controlling global manufacturing plans. (Ann, 2008) Competition Competition is another reason why Boeing has to plan tactically and strategically. Airbus is Boeing’s biggest rival in the airline industry. Lockheed Martin is Boeing’s biggest competition in defense systems. In addition to conducting their own internal research and development, Boeing is collaborating with some of the best research agencies, universities, and companies around the world. In doing so, they are leveraging technologies, to ensure Boeing stays ahead of the competition by providing the most innovative, and affordable aerospace solutions the world has to offer (Boeing Company, 2010). Government Regulations The Government plays a central role in aviation safety and has done so from the industry’s earliest days (Boeing Company, 2010). The Air Commerce Act put the government in the business of establishing air routes; developing air navigation systems; licensing pilots, mechanics and aircraft; and investigating accidents (Boeing Company, 2010). Government regulation has a direct impact on the production of new airplanes. When manufacturers design a new airplane they must obtain a â€Å"type certificate† from government regulators certifying that the design is airworthy (Boeing Company, 2010). The government also requires Certification of airline personnel and airport certificates (Boeing Company, 2010). Conclusion Several factors are implicated with business planning at Boeing, such as internal legal issues, government regulations, corporate social responsibility, economic conditions and ethics. The legal department at Boeing manages all aspects of planning in regards to ethics. Many organizations are sponsored by Boeing through its associations to assist them in their philanthropic efforts. Corporate social responsibility is important because customers and potential clients assess businesses on the efforts the company makes to be socially responsible. The ethics in the code of conduct handbook created at Boeing are expected to be followed by every employee and subcontractor. Boeing needs to keep up with new technology and innovative ideas to be in the vanguard and ahead of the competition due to current economic conditions. The airline industry is influence much by government regulations, such as, certificates, regulatory standards, and enforcing rules affect how fast an airplane can be made. The planning process at Boeing is an ever-changing process due to varying changes in their internal and external environment. Reference Ann, K. (2008). 2nd Update: Boeing 3Q Hurt by Machinists’ Strik;: Stock Down. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. smartmoney. com/news/ON/? stroy=ON-2008 1022 -000844-1245 Boeing Company. (2010). About Us. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. boeing. com/companyoffices/aboutus/ Boeing Company. (2010). Corporate Governance. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. boeing. com/corp_gov/ Boeing Company. (2010). Ethical Business Conduct Guidelines. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. boeing. com/companyoffices/aboutus/ethics/ethics_booklet. pdf Boeing Company. (2010). Government’s Role in Aviation Safety. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. boeing. com/commercial/safety/government_role. html Leslie, W. (2006). Boeing Ethics Woes Take Toll on the Bottom Line. The New York Times. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. nytimes. com/2006/06/30/business/30boeing. html U. S. Department of Justice. (2000). Boeing to Pay U. S. For Selling Army Defective Helicopters. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. justice. gov/opa/pr/2000/August/450civ. htm