Argonatica

The epic poem highlights the hero Jason, and his quest for the Golden Fleece. fit to the myth, Jason and fifty other renowned members of Greece set come in for the fleece so that Jason could earn back his fathers kingdom. Jason is a kick downstairsicularly interesting hero because he often displays qualities of an efficient leader. This is distinct compargond to other heroes, such as Hercules, who are better known as warriors rather than leaders.Apollonius epic would lay the grounding for the works of Gaius Valerius Flaccus and Virgil. The Golden Fleece was the item which Jason, with the help of the Argonauts, was forced to retrieve. The store of the Golden Fleece begins with Phrixus and Helle, the children of Athamus, and the goddess Nephele. When Athamas remarried, the childrens stepmother, Ino, became Jealous of them and plotted to get rid of Phrixus and his sister. Ino persuaded deuce messengers to say that that the oracle required the sacrifice of Phrixus to restore ertilit y to the fields.Before Phrixus could be sacrificed, however, Nephele move a golden ram which carried both children off through the air. Helle drop off into the Hellespont, but Phrixus arrived safely at Colchis, where he married the daughter of world-beater Aeetes. Phrixus sacrificed the ram to Zeus, and gave its pelt (the Golden Fleece) to Aeetes. Aeetes placed the fleece in an oak tree, where it remained. Then Jasons Father Aeson, was driven from power and killed by his brother Pelias. Jason destruction is aked and the child is sent away to be taught by the centaur Chiron.Jason returns later to naturalize his thr ane. However, an oracle warns Pelias that he will die at the hands of one of his relatives and that he should be wary of a man wearing all one sandal. Pelias informs Jason that he would give up his throne if Jason would set out and retrieve the Golden Fleece. The Argonautica begins as Jason is assembling a crew for the Argo. The Argo was the boat which was built by Argos for the Journey. It was slightly larger than most ships at the time. In many ways the author Apollonius does not highlight the true valorousness of Jason.Jason, through the authors description, does not appear as heroic as he really was. The definition of a Greek tragical hero is a man who is neither a pure man nor one who receives his fortune as a result of his wickedness, but because of some mistake. From this it can be derived that the tragic hero must be both mortal, and human, and one who receives his necessity as a result of error rather than as retribution. In both these instances Jason is a tragic hero ecause he is neither a perfect man nor a terrible man and he dies as a result of mortal mistakes as opposed to retribution.In the case of Jason, his tragic flaw is being too dep fetch upent on others. Jason tragic end begins as a result of Medea, who kills Pelias and forces Jason to flee his fathers former kingdom after the Journey. Medea then kills Jasons sons and flees after Jason married another woman. Apollonius does not mention this part of the myth in his epic. In this way the true entirety of the definition is not fulfilled by the epic. Argonatica By Ibeaulieu

A Game of Thrones Chapter Thirty-seven

BranA light speed of light was f twoing. Bran could feel the flakes on his feel, melting as they touched his skin wish well the gentlest of rains. He sit straight atop his buck, watching as the iron portcullis was winched up struggled. Try as he might to keep calm, his heart was fluttering in his government agency. atomic number 18 you ready? Robb asked.Bran nodded, trying non to let his idolise show. He had not been byside Winterfell since his fall, that he was determined to ride discover as proud as any knight.Lets ride, accordingly. Robb put his heels into his big grey-and- fresh cut, and the horse walked calibratestairs the portcullis.Go, Bran whispe vehement to his own horse. He touched her neck lightly, and the sharp chromatic filly started forward. Bran had named her social dancer. She was two years old, and Joseth verbalize she was smarter than any horse had a a unspoilt to be. They had trained her special, to respond to rein and theatrical role and tou ch. Up to now, Bran had simply ridden her somewhat the yard. At firstborn Joseth or Hodor would lead her, while Bran sat strapped to her conceal custodyt in the all oversize saddle the knave had d stark(a)n up for him, still for the past fortnight he had been riding her on his own, trotting her round and round, and suppuration bolder with every circuit.They passed to a gloomyer place the gatehouse, over the drawbridge, by dint of the forbiddener walls. Summer and fair- vibrissaed(a) Wind came lo fleur-de-lisg beside them, sniffing at the wind. Close rat came Theon greynessjoy, with his longbow and a quiver of broadheads he had a mind to take a deer, he had told them. He was followed by four throwsmen in mailed shirts and coifs, and Joseth, a stick-thin stable hu earth being whom Robb had named master of horse while Hullen was a mood. Maester Luwin brought up the rear, riding on a donkey. Bran would subscribe wish it better if he and Robb had g champion off al in tegrity, just now the two of them, exactly Hal Mollen would not hear of it, and Maester Luwin covering fireed him. If Bran fell off his horse or injured himself, the maester was determined to be with him.Beyond the castle place the grocery square, its wooden s larges deserted now. They rode overmatch the muddy streets of the village, past rows of small neat houses of log and undressed st wholeness. Less than wiz in atomic number 23 were occupied, thin tendrils of woodsmoke curling up from their chimneys. The rest would fill up one by one as it grew colder. When the puff fell and the ice winds howled down out of the north, Old Nan said, farmers left their frozen fields and removed(p) holdfasts, loaded up their wagons, and then the winter town came existent. Bran had never date stampn it happen, and Maester Luwin said the mean solar day was looming closer. The end of the long summer was near at hand. Winter is coming.A few villagers eyed the direwolves anxiously as the riders went past, and one military personnel dropped the wood he was carrying as he shrank out in fear, nevertheless most of the townfolk had grown use to the sight. They bent the knee when they supposeing the male childs, and Robb greeted each of them with a lordly nod.With his branchs unable to grip, the swaying motion of the horse make Bran feel unsteady at first, solely the huge saddle with its duncish horn and high derriere cradled him comfortingly, and the straps around his chest and thighs would not result him to fall. After a time the rhythm began to feel roughly natural. His trouble diminished, and a tremulous smile crept crosswise his face.Two serving wenches stood down the stairs the sign of the Smo tycoon Log, the local alehouse. When Theon Greyjoy heralded out to them, the young girl false red and covered her face. Theon spurred his progress to move up beside Robb. Sweet Kyra, he said with a laugh. She squirms kindred a weasel in bed, but say a word t o her on the street, and she blushes pink as a maid. Did I ever tell you about the night that she and Bessa non whither my familiar rear hear, Theon, Robb warned him with a glance at Bran.Bran looked away and pretended not to have heard, but he could feel Greyjoys eyes on him. No question he was smiling. He smiled a lot, as if the world were a incomprehensible joke that only he was clever enough to understand. Robb seemed to admire Theon and delight in his company, but Bran had never warmed to his fathers ward.Robb rode closer. You are doing tumefy, Bran.I want to go faster, Bran replied.Robb smiled. As you will. He direct his castrate into a trot. The wolves raced after him. Bran snapped the reins sharply, and Dancer picked up her pace. He heard a shout from Theon Greyjoy, and the hoofbeats of the other horses behind him.Brans entomb billowed out, rippling in the wind, and the snow seemed to rush at his face. Robb was well ahead, glancing confirm over his shoulder from ti me to time to make sure Bran and the others were following. He snapped the reins again. Smooth as silk, Dancer slid into a gallop. The distance closed. By the time he caught Robb on the edge of the wolfswood, two miles beyond the winter town, they had left the others well behind. I can ride Bran shouted, grinning. It entangle almost as good as flying.Id race you, but I fear youd win. Robbs tone was light and joking, withal Bran could tell that some topic was troubling his brother underneath the smile.I dont want to race. Bran looked around for the direwolves. Both had vanished into the wood. Did you hear Summer yawl last night?Grey Wind was restless too, Robb said. His auburn hair had grown shaggy and unkempt, and a reddish stubble covered his jaw, reservation him look older than his fifteen years. Sometimes I think they experience things . . . sense things . . . Robb sighed. I never jockey how much to tell you, Bran. I wish you were older.Im eight-spot now Bran said. Eight isnt so much younger than fifteen, and Im the heir to Winterfell, after you.So you are. Robb undecomposeded sad, and sluice a little scared. Bran, I need to tell you something. There was a bird last night. From Kings Landing. Maester Luwin woke me.Bran matte a abrupt dread. Dark wings, forbidding words, Old Nan perpetually said, and of late the messenger ravens had been proving the justness of the proverb. When Robb wrote to the Lord Com adult maleder of the Nights Watch, the bird that came back brought word that Uncle Benjen was still missing. Then a message had arrived from the Eyrie, from bewilder, but that had not been good news either. She did not say when she meant to return, only that she had taken the Imp as prisoner. Bran had sort of liked the little hu small-arm being, yet the name Lannister sent cold fingers creeping up his s languish. There was something about the Lannisters, something he ought to remember, but when he tried to think what, he matt-up dizzy and h is abide clenched threatening as a stone. Robb spent most of that day locked behind closed doors with Maester Luwin, Theon Greyjoy, and Hallis Mollen. Afterward, riders were sent out on fast horses, carrying Robbs com human raceds passim the north. Bran heard talk of Moat Cailin, the ancient stronghold the First manpower had built at the top of the Neck. No one ever told him what was happening, yet he knew it was not good.And now another raven, another message. Bran clung to hope. Was the bird from Mother? Is she coming home?The message was from Alyn in Kings Landing. Jory Cassel is dead. And Wyl and Heward as well. Murdered by the Kingslayer. Robb lifted his face to the snow, and the flakes melted on his cheeks. May the gods kick down them rest.Bran did not know what to say. He felt as if hed been punched. Jory had been captain of the household guard at Winterfell since before Bran was born. They killed Jory? He remembered all the times Jory had chased him over the roofs. He c ould picture him striding crosswise the yard in mail and plate, or sitting at his accustomed place on the bench in the Great Hall, joking as he ate. Why would anyone kill Jory?Robb agitate his head numbly, the pain plain in his eyes. I dont know, and . . . Bran, thats not the get by means of of it. Father was caught beneath a falling horse in the fight. Alyn says his leg was shattered, and . . . Maester Pycelle has given him the milk of the poppy, but they arent sure when . . . when he . . . The sound of hoofbeats do him glance down the road, to where Theon and the others were coming up. When he will wake, Robb finished. He place his hand on the pommel of his stigma then, and went on in the dear voice of Robb the Lord. Bran, I promise you, whatever might happen, I will not let this be forgotten.Something in his tone make Bran even more(prenominal) fearful. What will you do? he asked as Theon Greyjoy reined in beside them.Theon thinks I should call the banners, Robb said.Bloo d for blood. For once Greyjoy did not smile. His lean, dark face had a hungry look to it, and black hair fell down across his eyes. however the lord can call the banners, Bran said as the snow drifted down around them.If your father dies, Theon said, Robb will be Lord of Winterfell.He wont die Bran screamed at him.Robb took his hand. He wont die, not Father, he said calmly. calm down . . . the honor of the north is in my hands now. When our lord father took his circulate of us, he told me to be strong for you and for Rickon. Im almost a man grown, Bran.Bran shivered. I wish Mother was back, he said miserably. He looked around for Maester Luwin his donkey was visible in the far distance, trotting over a rise. Does Maester Luwin say to call the banners too?The maester is timid as an old muliebrity, said Theon.Father evermore listened to his counsel, Bran reminded his brother. Mother too.I listen to him, Robb insisted. I listen to everyone.The joy Bran had felt at the ride was gone , melted away like the snowflakes on his face. Not so long ago, the thought of Robb calling the banners and riding off to war would have filled him with excitement, but now he felt only dread. Can we go back now? he asked. Im cold.Robb glanced around. We need to engender the wolves. Can you stand to go a bit all-night?I can go as long as you can. Maester Luwin had warned him to keep the ride lilliputian, for fear of saddle sores, but Bran would not admit to weakness in front of his brother. He was sick of the way everyone was always fussing over him and enquire how he was.Lets hunt down the hunters, then, Robb said. Side by side, they urged their mounts off the kingsroad and struck out into the wolfswood. Theon dropped back and followed well behind them, talking and joking with the guardsmen.It was refined under the trees. Bran kept Dancer to a walk, holding the reins lightly and flavour all around him as they went. He knew this wood, but he had been so long confined to Winte rfell that he felt as though he were seeing it for the first time. The smells filled his nostrils the sharp fresh tang of pine needles, the earthy odor of taut rotting leaves, the hints of animal musk and distant readying fires. He caught a glimpse of a black squirrel moving through the snow-covered branches of an oak, and paused to study the silvery web of an empress spider.Theon and the others fell far and farther behind, until Bran could no longer hear their voices. From ahead came the faint sound of hot al-Qaeda waters. It grew louder until they reached the stream. Tears stung his eyes.Bran? Robb asked. Whats wrong?Bran shook his head. I was just remembering, he said. Jory brought us here once, to fish for trout. You and me and Jon. Do you remember?I remember, Robb said, his voice quiet and sad.I didnt catch anything, Bran said, but Jon gave me his fish on the way back to Winterfell. Will we ever see Jon again?We saw Uncle Benjen when the king came to visit, Robb pointed out . Jon will visit too, youll see.The stream was cartroad high and fast. Robb dismounted and led his gelding across the ford. In the deepest part of the crossing, the water came up to midthigh. He trussed his horse to a tree on the far side, and waded back across for Bran and Dancer. The current foamed around rock and root, and Bran could feel the spray on his face as Robb led him over. It made him smile. For a moment he felt strong again, and whole. He looked up at the trees and dreamed of climbing them, right up to the very top, with the whole forest spread out beneath him.They were on the far side when they heard the howl, a long revolt wail that moved through the trees like a cold wind. Bran embossed his head to listen. Summer, he said. No sooner had he spoken than a second voice joined the first.Theyve made a kill, Robb said as he remounted. Id best go and bring them back. Wait here, Theon and the others should be on shortly.I want to go with you, Bran said.Ill find them fas ter by myself. Robb spurred his gelding and vanished into the trees.Once he was gone, the woods seemed to close in around Bran. The snow was falling more heavily now. Where it touched the ground it melted, but all about him rock and root and branch wore a thin blanket of white. As he waited, he was conscious of how uncomfortable he felt. He could not feel his legs, hanging useless in the stirrups, but the strap around his chest was tight and chafing, and the melting snow had soaked through his gloves to chill his hands. He wondered what was keeping Theon and Maester Luwin and Joseth and the rest.When he heard the rustle of leaves, Bran used the reins to make Dancer turn, expecting to see his friends, but the plague men who stepped out onto the bank of the stream were strangers.Good day to you, he said nervously. cardinal look, and Bran knew they were neither foresters nor farmers. He was suddenly conscious of how richly he was dressed. His surcoat was new, dark grey wool with silv er potons, and a heavy silver pin fastened his fur-trimmed cloak at the shoulders. His boots and gloves were lined with fur as well. all alone, are you? said the biggest of them, a turn man with a raw windburnt face. Lost in the wolfswood, poor lad.Im not lost. Bran did not like the way the strangers were looking at him. He counted four, but when he sullen his head, he saw two others behind him. My brother rode off just a moment ago, and my guard will be here shortly.Your guard, is it? a second man said. Grey stubble covered his senseless face. And what would they be guarding, my little lord? Is that a silver pin I see there on your cloak?Pretty, said a womans voice. She scarcely looked like a woman tall and lean, with the same hard face as the others, her hair hidden beneath a bowl-shaped halfhelm. The spear she held was eight feet of black oak, tipped in rusted brand.Lets have a look, said the big bald man.Bran watched him anxiously. The mans clothes were filthy, fallen almos t to pieces, patched here with brown and here with blue and there with a dark green, and faded everywhere to grey, but once that cloak might have been black. The grey stubbly man wore black rags too, he saw with a sudden start. Suddenly Bran remembered the oathbreaker his father had beheaded, the day they had found the wolf pups that man had ill-defined black as well, and Father said he had been a deserter from the Nights Watch. No man is more dangerous, he remembered Lord Eddard saying. The deserter knows his manner is forfeit if he is taken, so he will not crawl from any crime, no matter how vile or cruel.The pin, lad, the big man said. He held out his hand.Well take the horse too, said another of them, a woman shorter than Robb, with a broad fiat face and lank white- inhabitred hair. Get down, and be quick about it. A knife slid from her sleeve into her hand, its edge jagged as a saw.No, Bran blurted. I cant . . . The big man grabbed his reins before Bran could think to wh eel Dancer around and gallop off. You can, lordling . . . and will, if you know whats good for you. Stiv, look how hes strapped on. The tall woman pointed with her spear. Might be its the truth hes telling.Straps, is it? Stiv said. He drew a dagger from a sheath at his belt. Theres ways to deal with straps.You some kind of cripple? asked the short woman.Bran flared. Im Brandon spartan of Winterfell, and you better let go of my horse, or Ill see you all dead.The gaunt man with the grey stubbled face laughed. The boys a Stark, true enough. Only a Stark would be fool enough to threaten where smarter men would beg.Cut his little cock off and stuff it in his mouth, suggested the short woman. That should shut him up.Youre as stupid as you are ugly, Hali, said the tall woman. The boys worth nothing dead, but active . . . gods be damned, think what Mance would give to have Benjen Starks own blood to hostageMance be damned, the big man cursed. You want to go back there, Osha? More fool you. Think the white walkers will care if you have a hostage? He off back to Bran and slashed at the strap around his thigh. The leather move with a sigh.The stroke had been quick and careless, biting deep. Looking down, Bran glimpsed pale build where the wool of his leggings had parted. Then the blood began to flow. He watched the red stain spread, popular opinion light-headed, curiously apart there had been no pain, not even a hint of feeling. The big man grunted in surprise.Put down your make now, and I promise you shall have a quick and painless death, Robb called out.Bran looked up in desperate hope, and there he was. The strength of the words were excision by the way his voice cracked with strain. He was mounted, the bloody clay of an elk slung across the back of his horse, his sword in a gloved hand.The brother, said the man with the grey stubbly face.Hes a fierce one, he is, mocked the short woman. Hali, they called her. You mean to fight us, boy?Dont be a fool, lad. Youre one against six. The tall woman, Osha, leveled her spear. Off the horse, and throw down the sword. Well thank you kindly for the mount and for the venison, and you and your brother can be on your way.Robb whistled. They heard the faint sound of soft feet on wet leaves. The undergrowth parted, low-hanging branches giving up their solicitation of snow, and Grey Wind and Summer emerged from the green. Summer sniffed the air and growled.Wolves, gasped Hali.Direwolves, Bran said. Still half-grown, they were as large as any wolf he had ever seen, but the differences were easy to spot, if you knew what to look for. Maester Luwin and Farlen the kennelmaster had taught him. A direwolf had a bigger head and longer legs in proportion to its body, and its snout and jaw were markedly leaner and more pronounced. There was something gaunt and terrible about them as they stood there amid the lightly falling snow. Fresh blood spotted Grey Winds muzzle.Dogs, the big bald man said contemptuously. Y et Im told theres nothing like a wolfskin cloak to warm a man by night. He made a sharp gesture. Take them.Robb shouted, Winterfell and kicked his horse. The gelding plunged down the bank as the ragged men closed. A man with an axe rushed in, shouting and heedless. Robbs sword caught him plentiful in the face with a sickening crunch and a spray of bright blood. The man with the gaunt stubbly face made a grab for the reins, and for half a second he had them . . . and then Grey Wind was on him, bearing him down. He fell back into the stream with a splash and a shout, flailing wildly with his knife as his head went under. The direwolf plunged in after him, and the white water turned red where they had vanished.Robb and Osha matched blows in midstream. Her long spear was a steel-headed serpent, flashing out at his chest, once, twice, three times, but Robb parried every thrust with his longsword, turning the point aside. On the fourth or fifth thrust, the tall woman overextended herself and lost her balance, just for a second. Robb charged, riding her down.A few feet away, Summer darted in and snapped at Hali. The knife bit at his flank. Summer slid away, snarling, and came travel in again. This time his jaws closed around her calf. Holding the knife with both hands, the small woman stabbed down, but the direwolf seemed to sense the blade coming. He pulled free for an instant, his mouth full of leather and cloth and bloody flesh. When Hali stumbled and fell, he came at her again, slamming her backward, teeth lacrimation at her belly.The sixth man ran from the carnage . . . but not far. As he went scrambling up the far side of the bank, Grey Wind emerged from the stream, dripping wet. He shook the water off and bounded after the running man, hamstringing him with a single snap of his teeth, and going for the throat as the shout man slid back down toward the water.And then there was no one left but the big man, Stiv. He slashed at Brans chest strap, grabbed his arm, and yanked. Suddenly Bran was falling. He sprawled on the ground, his legs tangled under him, one foot in the stream. He could not feel the cold of the water, but he felt the steel when Stiv press his dagger to his throat. Back away, the man warned, or Ill open the boys windpipe, I s break down it.Robb reined his horse in, breathing hard. The fury went out of his eyes, and his sword arm dropped.In that moment Bran saw everything. Summer was savaging Hali, puff glistening blue snakes from her belly. Her eyes were wide and staring. Bran could not tell whether she was alive or dead. The grey stubbly man and the one with the axe lay unmoving, but Osha was on her knees, crawling toward her fallen spear. Grey Wind cushiony toward her, dripping wet. Call him off the big man shouted. Call them both off, or the cripple boy dies nowGrey Wind, Summer, to me, Robb said.The direwolves stopped, turned their heads. Grey Wind loped back to Robb. Summer stayed where he was, his eyes on Bran an d the man beside him. He growled. His muzzle was wet and red, but his eyes burned.Osha used the butt end of her spear to lever herself back to her feet. Blood leaked from a breach on the upper arm where Robb had cut her. Bran could see sweat trickling down the big mans face. Stiv was as scared as he was, he realized. Starks, the man muttered, bloody Starks. He raised his voice. Osha, kill the wolves and get his sword.Kill them yourself, she replied. Ill not be getting near those monsters.For a moment Stiv was at a loss. His hand trembled Bran felt a trickle of blood where the knife pressed against his neck. The stench of the man filled his nose he smelled of fear. You, he called out to Robb. You have a name?I am Robb Stark, the heir to Winterfell.This is your brother?Yes.You want him alive, you do what I say. Off the horse.Robb hesitated a moment. Then, slowly and deliberately, he dismounted and stood with his sword in hand.Now kill the wolves.Robb did not move.You do it. The wolve s or the boy.No Bran screamed. If Robb did as they asked, Stiv would kill them both anyway, once the direwolves were dead.The bald man took hold of his hair with his free hand and twisted it cruelly, till Bran sobbed in pain. You shut your mouth, cripple, you hear me? He twisted harder. You hear me?A low thrum came from the woods behind them. Stiv gave a choked gasp as a half foot of razor-tipped broadhead suddenly exploded out of his chest. The cursor was bright red, as if it had been painted in blood.The dagger fell away from Brans throat. The big man swayed and collapsed, facedown in the stream. The arrow broke beneath him. Bran watched his life go swirling off in the water.Osha glanced around as Fathers guardsmen appeared from beneath the trees, steel in hand. She threw down her spear. Mercy, mlord, she called to Robb.The guardsmen had a strange, pale look to their faces as they took in the scene of slaughter. They eyed the wolves uncertainly, and when Summer returned to Halis c orpse to feed, Joseth dropped his knife and scrambled for the bush, heaving. flush Maester Luwin seemed shocked as he stepped from behind a tree, but only for an instant. Then he shook his head and waded across the stream to Brans side. atomic number 18 you hurt?He cut my leg, Bran said, but I couldnt feel it.As the maester knelt to examine the wound, Bran turned his head. Theon Greyjoy stood beside a sentinel tree, his bow in hand. He was smiling. Ever smiling. A half-dozen arrows were thrust into the soft ground at his feet, but it had taken only one. A dead enemy is a thing of beauty, he announced.Jon always said you were an ass, Greyjoy, Robb said loudly. I ought to chain you up in the yard and let Bran take a few serve shots at you.You should be thanking me for saving your brothers life.What if you had missed the shot? Robb said. What if youd only injure him? What if you had made his hand jump, or hit Bran instead? For all you knew, the man might have been wearing a breastp late, all you could see was the back of his cloak. What would have happened to my brother then? Did you ever think of that, Greyjoy?Theons smile was gone. He gave a sullen shrug and began to pull his arrows from the ground, one by one.Robb glared at his guardsmen. Where were you? he demanded of them. I was sure you were close behind us.The men traded dejected glances. We were following, mlord, said Quent, the youngest of them, his beard a soft brown fuzz. Only first we waited for Maester Luwin and his ass, begging your pardons, and then, well, as it were . . . He glanced over at Theon and quickly looked away, abashed.I spied a turkey, Theon said, annoyed by the question. How was I to know that youd leave the boy alone?Robb turned his head to look at Theon once more. Bran had never seen him so angry, yet he said nothing. Finally he knelt beside Maester Luwin. How staidly is my brother wounded?No more than a scratch, the maester said. He wet a cloth in the stream to clean the cut. Two of them wear the black, he told Robb as he worked.Robb glanced over at where Stiv lay sprawled in the stream, his ragged black cloak moving fitfully as the rushing waters tugged at it. Deserters from the Nights Watch, he said grimly. They must have been fools, to pass off so close to Winterfell.Folly and desperation are ofttimes hard to tell apart, said Maester Luwin.Shall we bury them, mlord? asked Quent.They would not have buried us, Robb said. cud off their heads, well send them back to the Wall. Leave the rest for the carrion crows.And this one? Quent jerked a thumb toward Osha.Robb walked over to her. She was a head taller than he was, but she dropped to her knees at his approach. Give me my life, mlord of Stark, and I am yours.Mine? What would I do with an oathbreaker?I broke no oaths. Stiv and Wallen flew down off the Wall, not me. The black crows got no place for women.Theon Greyjoy sauntered closer. Give her to the wolves, he urged Robb. The womans eyes went to what w as left of Hali, and just as quickly away. She shuddered. Even the guardsmen looked queasy.Shes a woman, Robb said.A wildling, Bran told him. She said they should keep me alive so they could take me to Mance Rayder.Do you have a name? Robb asked her.Osha, as it please the lord, she muttered sourly.Maester Luwin stood. We might do well to question her.Bran could see the accompaniment on his brothers face. As you say, Maester. Wayn, bind her hands. Shell come back to Winterfell with us . . . and live or die by the truths she gives us.

Gabriel Garcia Marquez Essay

umpteen indites like to write fantasy novels, stories that detached themselves from reality, novels that verbalize us more or less magic, parallel di mensions, between some others. But even in these fictional stories there is calm the presence of the universal themes that can be touched not only if in this frame of novels but too in the simpler is, themes like the fight between good and evil, love, between others. in that location are as well as the authors that rattling mix the fantasy and the reality to a point that it is sincerely hard to see the difference between them, Gabriel Garcia Marquez is tell to be the overprotect of this gender called Magic Realism, he utter that the reason that he sees the world in that particular way of his, is because of the persons that elevated him when he was really young He was made by the sententious, worldly, rationalized measure of his granddad and the premonitory and talismanic exclamations of his grandmother seasoned by hi s rummy humor, with this he would be capable of making a refreshed imagination of the world (Gerald Martin 41).And even in this extraordinary vision we can still enamor the reality like when he speaks approximately the natural oppressiveness that exists in the countries of Latin America, when he talks active the 1000 geezerhood the conflict that actually won the independence of Colombia from Panama an event that his grandfather love to tell him ab come out of the closet afterward all he fought in this war and lose in it, similarly he talks about the massacre in the United Fruit Company a really striking episode on Colombian history.We can also catch his own reality, we can appreciate in his writings all of those special(a) and striking memories that were kept in him, the one that made a watch on the manhood he became, in the stories there is not only memories there is also roles base on members of his own family and also towns ground on the ones of his childhood and we are not only talking about how he used Aracataca to create Macondo, there is also the mention of how he uses Sucre to describe a place that he really despised.So we are going to explore how Gabriel Garcia Marquez used parts of his emotional state to write his famed stories. First of all in his autobiography Garcia Marquez talks about how his grandfather used to drag him around Aracataca (the small town where he lived roughly of his childhood) and sequence he was at this he create a tidy sum of memorable moments that he would immortalize in his novels. This memory, the one were the grandfather takes the baby to meet new things is very repetitive even the own author says it I had a bunch of mages but the one were the old man takes the kid by the hand is the most vivid one this one is used in twain of his novels in the Leaf Storm when the father takes the son to a funeral and also in his Nobel Prize winner new(a) star Hundred Years of Solitude when the father takes the kid s to see the ice, in the book he uses his own impression when Aureliano Buendia says Its Burning (Garcia Marquez). some other one of those memories is the one about the Belgian that lived in Aracataca that commit self-destruction by inhalation of cyanide, He drag me to the house of the Belgian The original thing that shock me was the smell of the cyanide that the Belgian had used to committed suicide (Gabriel Garcia Marquez). This story is represented also in two of his novels in The Leaf Storm where he is the doctor united with the Venezuelan druggist Alfredo Barbosa the other one is in the novel Love in the m of Cholera where he is Jeremiah de Saint-Amour (Gerald Martin).Another one of the moments that achieve a boastful impact in his life was while he lived in Venezuela, by the time Garcia Marquez lived in the country Marcos Perez Jimenez a dictator was in the power, he start to ask himself why did so legion(predicate) people make up ones mind it attractive to have a dict ator in the power , after all it wasnt an un plebeian characteristic in the many countries of Latin America to have a dictator, the impressive thing was that only a month after Garcia Marquez moved to Caracas (the capital of Venezuela) there was a movement against the president that finally took him out of the power, it was the first time a dictator had been taken of the power in Latin America. This fact was what godlike him to write Autumn of the Patriarch a story that talks about an eternal dictator, he based this character in real-life autocrats like Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, Francisco Franco and Juan Vicente Gomez. Many of the characters in his stories are based in real-life persons not only in famous characters like the autocrats in the Autumn of the Patriarch but also people of his own family.The first character and one of the most obvious one would be Jose Arcadio Buendia one of the characters of his most famous novel One Hundred Years of Solitude Jose Arcadio Buendia married to Ursula Iguaran was an adventurous man that took his wife from of what all that they knew to a mysterious place, he was ceaselessly looking for new hobbies to entertain himself and because of this he ended up lacking as a father, this is a clear mirror of the father of the author a men who would constantly travel looking for adventures, moving the family from one city to another(prenominal) to look for a way to make business and easy money, always leaving the care of his own children to other persons, most of the time to his in-laws and because of that the alliance with his children wasnt really good.Another one would be Ursula Iguaran a women dependable of character and a quick command, a person who loved her supernatural beliefs and would do anything to sustain her family, in this character there is the reflection of two persons of great importance in the life of the author one of them would be his grandmother Tranquilina Iguaran (obviously this is where the last name comes from) this one gave the character her belief for the supernatural, her world very superstitious even when this characteristic is very common in older people even today they still carry this kind of fears, maybe because this fears also come from the strong feeling they have for their organized religion (mostly catholic) another common trait in Latin American society, the other one would be his mother Luisa Marquez while at the beginning of his life he didnt have a strong vincula with his mother after all she left him to be raised by her parents (even when this was very common back in those days) but after Gabriel Garcia start living with her many years later there would be a time when she was variably able to feed all of the children but she pull through and by this time she made a strong bond with her son, so the strong will of Luisa Marquez was represented in Ursula Iguaran.There is also Florentino Ariza a character of his novel Life in Times of Cholera this one was based on a mi x between the author Garcia Marquez and his father Gabriel Eligio, while the character was a person who didnt seem to notice the levels that make him different from others and was always trying to reach to this ones like Gabriel Eligio there is also the fact that Florentino Ariza was a telegraphist like Gabriel Eligio, also there is a part in the novel where Fermina Darzas father tries to separate them by sending Fermina (Florentinoss love interest) to visit her family to another town this actually happened to Luisa and Gabriel Eligio, Luisas father try to separate them by sending Luisa out of Aracataca.While from the author Florentino took the dreamer the passion for writing, in the book Florentino wrote many letters to her something that the own author did with his wife Mercedes. There is also Fermina Daza a mix of Mercedes and Tachia (a lover of Garcia Marquez), Fermina was represented for being secure of her way of being, unequivocal and down to earth quite the opposite of Flor entino. While the doctor Juvenal Urbino was a representation of everything the author hated and envied of the high class people of Cartagena in this character there was even a bit of Gabriel Eligio with his petulant and self-confident character and it was also notable a bit of his Granfather in Juvenal.

Have Terrorism Laws been Helpful?

There construct been numerous debates that subscribe to move up from analysis related to terrorist act righteousnesss that were passed in the United States of America and atomic number 63 since the horrific attack on 11th September 2001 that kil lead scores of quite a little and wounded thrice the number of the dead. The terrorism, counter terrorism and anti terrorism laws have all been scrutinized to weigh their suitability.Sharp criticism has befallen the laws, the public excessively is eager to know if the laws argon more(prenominal) beneficial than they detrimental or if the reverse is actual status quo. Such debates have always led to repeals or amendments of the laws in doubtfulness, one revision of the laws has proved non to be enough as in that location is always a word or two to adjust to deem the laws plausible by the plenitudees, the presidential term and the ob dispensers. I will be dissecting the whole with precision to draw a tone between the merits and de merits of the laws.Proposing argumentThe main goal behind every terrorism law across the world is to prevent terrorism acts and protect its citizens from the adverse make of it. Zooming on the American and countries nether the European dynasty we notice that there has an massive reduction in attacks from both internal and external sources. Domestic and mass terrorism has been cut by more than 35% if the statistics atomic number 18 compared with ones d ingestn two decades before 2001(gray-2018).This has created a business environment conducive for investors to stick with into the country because they have a natural feeling that they will be safe and their business will bloom. Trust on the USA government has increased as we see m any(prenominal) foreign leaders number to the country whenever they are under threat from external sources (Beckman-2016). The shelter agencies have been unified by the laws and they all share information ab proscribed earnest conditions of specific areas and individuals.Proposing defense The fluidity is one that One police section can notice a terrorist threat, pass the information for investigation to through with(p) by an other unit, give the findings to the threat alert department bit another can be sent to apprehend the suspect depending on their locality and expertise they have. This smooth f junior-grade of command and swift fulfill of action has in sootheed a sense of security and patriotism of citizens to the governments of the.Civilians can distinguish a suspect and notify the relevant authorities without fear of creation tracked by the suspect in the equation. Let us take a brief walk down the history lane to and peruse through the terrorist reports to get a vantage blot on this issue. Statistics infract that there had been 2608 terrorist attacks between 1970 and 2001 the year that terrorism laws were fortified, that was an aggregate of 65 attacks per year. intimately of them were executed using bombs and c ongested public areas were the main targets.After the laws were passed, we have seen the number drop by a whopping 94% annually. This is because there have alone been 8 terrorist attacks on American soil since 2001 to 2017. In these unfortunate incidences on 102 people died capped with 333 injuries. 6 out of the 8 depicted objects have been launched by lone slayers, one executed by an American couple the 7 acts were carried out using guns and only the Boston marathon case was a bombing attack make.This number is way low than and somewhat insignificant when compared to the fatalities of 11th September 2001. This is a case that strongly backs the argument that laws have been very beneficial as they have served their objectives and succeeded in meeting their goals. Opposing argumentI am meant to believe that the terrorism laws that were drafted and passed are not meant for the better good of civilians. There are arguments around that point is that the laws were drafted out fear an d vengeance and thus failed to solicit essential views from security stakeholders and the oecumenical public.That is a claim enough to show that they are meant to serve other interests. Critics on this front argue that a lot of money is existence siphoned out of the national coffers to service the numerous security departments that were formed under the laws. The money cannot be clearly be accounted and a dubious exculpation is given to it it is a matter of national security (Beckman-2016). The main enemies of these laws are not terrorists provided military man right activists they claim that the laws are not compatible with oecumenical human rights and should be rephrased or better still repealed.Opposing defenseWe begin introduce this front by giving the basic definition for the word terrorism violence against civilians to achieve military or political objectives. The media has been the casualty of the draconian laws as there right to information and emancipation of expres sion has been gagged. The governments always hoodwink the public that all that is done for their own good it is a matter of national security.Then a question arises, how news reporting become a threat to the civilians? Such questions arose when Mr. Miranda was detained in Heathrow airport for 9 hours and forced to surrender his documents and media devices to the security agencies for scrutiny in august 2013. He was on his way to Brazil from Germany. No ordnance was found on him and no criminal bodies had tied refers with him at any point of his life to that degree he was arraigned for in the British courts to answer to terrorism charges.The judges found that the examine against him was far more blasphemous to the law practice than it was a joke to media profession. Mr. Miranda won the case and showed that the laws can be more devastating to the media practice and the civilians as they only serve the political interests (chi-2015). No appeal was made to the decision made by the c ourt proving the main point the laws need to reviewed from the beginning and if after the review the laws still fall below the universal human rights mark then they should be abolished.Argument analysisFrom this argument we see that both fronts had their points to try on on. The claims given by the opposition are more than the proposing gave but the evidence provided by the proposing side is way more overwhelming than the evidence produced by the opponents. The narrative leaned towards the proposing side as it gave claims baked by detailed evidence. objectiveness was to be the main key the profferrs said that the laws truly served their pur represent as they trim down terrorism attacks significantly while their critics did not give any link to the main topic of the team.My analysis on this case also leaned on the proposing side as the issue of security should always precede any other issue it is the foundation that harmonizes the cultural, social and economic factors of the soc iety. The right to concealing and freedom of privacy would not find space in the human conscious if he was constantly exposed to continuous threat and threatening demise. The opposing gave a radical approach and failed to first acknowledge that their field exist simply because their security is guaranteed.I feel like that the claims about governments wasting civilian resources would have helped the opposing side prove their point but they failed to provide relevant evidence to that matter. All that the opposition posed were questions that they themselves failed to provide answers to what is the main objective of the laws if the public feels disfavored by them? Who are the laws meant to serve? We are aware that security agencies have been set up to criticize information from the civilian devices what happened to the right to privacy? (Giroux-2016)Their side would be formidable if they answers and backing evidence to all of them. Journalists claim that they are affected yet they h old side on the topic. Then I formed a question, what if they report news that exposes a government hence drawing the attending of terrorists? Furthermore, they proposed that the laws be abolished but did not give a better alternative. I wish that the opposition had thought the whole issue out than die the case in a limbo.ConclusionTruth of the matter is that the proposing side was strong and closely planned compared to their critics but the points stated by the weak side on this debate hold water. The laws should be more inclusive to other sectors of human cycle and not look like it overrules all the other rules and universal privileges that come with them. State agencies always motivate people verbally by asking them to report any suspicious people or activities to them but it is high time they started acting receptive (boister-2018).That said does not censure the fact the fact the laws are made for the better good of people and stability of all other spheres. It is important that all parties realize that the laws are as important as any other on the orbit and should approached with care as it defends the well being of human life. I propose that the laws be amended, not repealed.ReferencesInternational law and the use of forceC Gray-2018Comparative legal approaches to homeland security and anti-terrorismJ Beckman-2016Impossible to regulate social media, terrorists, and the role for the UNP Wu Chi-2015Beyond the spectacle of terrorism global uncertainty and the quarrel to the new mediaHA Giroux- 2016An introduction to transnational criminal lawN Boister- 2018

Previous knowledge of the novel Essay

From your variant of Chapters 1, 2 and 26 of Jane Eyre, as well as any earlier knowledge of the novel you might have, write to the highest degree the links you induce to see mingled with that text and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The yellow Wallpaper. The chickenhearted Wallpaper was written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892 for a number of particular purposes, including the authors desire to raise awareness of the condition post-partum opinion, from which she suffered, and to elaborate her views on the patriarchal nature and the inequality of twee society, particularly with congenator to marriage.Perhaps close to importantly, Gilman wanted to expose the flaws in the anthropoid treatments propositioned for post-partum depression and otherwise similar conditions treatments from which she herself ailed even much than from her nervous disorder when way fixed in bed, lots the like the vote counter of her novella albeit to a less ingrained end. By contrast, Charlotte Bro nti s Jane Eyre has no such definite intentions, still passages al close to prominently as a bildungsroman and a partial autobiography, which leads to a in truth different treatment of characters as constructs rather than as Gilmans mapping of them as re initiations.While Bronti s characters in Jane Eyre can non be labelled with much to a greater extent precision than Mr. Rochesters standing as a Byronic hero, the characters in The Yellow Wallpaper are clearly intended for various purposes. The most plain examples are John, the tellers husband, who embodies the prissy male and the Victorian physician, and the teller herself, who is intended to represent all of womankind subjected to the aforementioned Victorian male doctor. A commonality between the devil novels exists in their inclusion of characters exhibiting madness. in that location can be drawn many similarities between the two differing presentations, including an obvious physical manifestation of insanity. In The Y ellow Wallpaper, as the narrator falls into madness and particularly at the end of the novel when she has succumbed to it entirely Gilman depicts her creeping by daylight about her room, crawling on the floor, refine and round and round, after having the narrator herself earlier assert that most women do not creep by daylight, therefore proleptically implying something defective about herself.In Jane Eyre, this same physicality is used by Bronti in her presentation of Bertha Mason Rochester, as she is original introduced to Jane and to the readers on all fours like some strange wild animal. Bertha is said to have snatched and growled, and laid her teeth to Mr. Rochesters neck, which is an animalistic image also shown by Gilman when she has her narrator say she bit off a little piece of her bed. two authors are in this way very deliberate in creating the parable of their mentally ill characters being animals Bronti refers to Bertha through her narrator Jane as a woman chaser , a wild animal and a clothed hyena, and as well these more obvious physical links, there are also allusions to pilus wild as a mane, a fierce promise, an instance in which the woman bellowed, and her stature almost equalling her husband, who is reinforced athletically, so this comparison therefore reinforces Bronti s presentation of Bertha as something of a behemoth her name even bears a visual similarity to the talking to beast or bear.There are several other parallels discernable between Bronti s Bertha and Gilmans narrator, for example in Jane Eyre Bertha commits the individual sin of suicide by jumping out of an upstairs window after burning down the house in her final act of freedom, while in The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilmans narrator is furthermost more trapped than the character of Bertha, so she can only deliver a desire to jump out of the window but the exclude are too strong even to try, and before that Gilman had had her narrator stateI thought seriously of burni ng the house to tinge the smell. Both identical actions are used by the two authors to illustrate their characters insanity and an implicit breaking down of social norms and specially a desire for suicide that goes against the core of human nature in our intrinsic survival instinct, which was a deviation seen before in the presentation of the two women as animals rather than human beings.Bertha is referred to by Bronti through Jane Eyre as an it, solidifying this paper of her insanity rendering her inhuman. However, the marked difference between the protagonist of The Yellow Wallpaper and one of the antagonists of Jane Eyre is indeed the fact that Bertha has the freedom to carry out her insane thoughts, while Gilman has created in her novella such an image of imprisonment that her own character fails to complete either undertaking.This idea is crucial to Gilmans message of womens entrapment in a Victorian patriarchal society, and therefore contributes to the novellas effectivene ss. On the other hand, since Jane Eyre was not written with such a definite intention as The Yellow Wallpaper, the actions of Bertha are designed to contribute to the plot of the novel more than to convey a message about the treatment of women, the mentally insane or the handicapped, though the latter readings could also be taken.A more obvious difference between the two novels is that it is the autodiegetic narrator we can come across to be called Jane of The Yellow Wallpaper that exhibits insanity, thereby directly demonstrating to the reader the privation of cohesion in her mind, while in Jane Eyre Berthas insanity is regarded by the readers through the eyes of Bronti s eponymous narrator.Additionally, while the reader experiences the breakdown of the narrators mind from sanity to its loss in the causation text, in the latter the only experience given to the reader of Bertha is of her already mentally degraded, with no transformation shown, and little information given about h er prior to the exhibition of her allegedly genetic insanity. Bronti emphasises the fact that the reader is not given the whole story of her character Bertha through the interesting manipulation of her narrator.Despite the fact that Jane Eyre is an autodiegetic narrator, the same as that of The Yellow Wallpaper, in the scene in which she is presented with Bertha, and indeed in ensuing scenes featuring Mr. Rochesters first wife, Jane Eyre becomes more of a homodiegetic narrator simply conveying the events before her but clearly on the edges of a much deeper story and a more extensive narrative than she has the ability or knowledge to recount.

Wealth As Determinant Of Health Health And Social Care Essay

There is a phenomenon in the United States that illust evaluate how wealthiness is a cardinal determiner of wellness. Wealth affords those who attain it, certain societal benefits which admit approach to high tint instruction, employment, lodging, child cover, recreational chances, nutrition, pure tone wellness check checkup help, and safer and cleaner vicinities. In 1985, the U.S. Department of Health and Human operate ( HHS ) constructed the Secretary s Task Force Report on forbidding and Minority Health. The discover was more typical than old studies, comparing intravenous feeding minority congregations in the United States every bit good as the White population. In add-on, A it utilised aA statisticalA presentation of A unjustified deceases instead than the usual decease rates. This attack emphasized the fact that lives that were conf utilized would non hold been lost had minority decease rates been the same as for the White population. These differences were subsequently coined as health disparities. As a yield of the forceful nature of this study and the demand forA integrating of health procession/ infirmity bar systems into these populations, the affair of Minority Health was established at bottom HHS.Since the origin of the Office of Minority Health research has shown that disparities exist in the population on the footing of both(prenominal) health position and wellness trouble bring forthing. These disparities argon the solvent of assorted variables. The lexicon of Public Health defines wellness disparities as differing degrees of wellness indexs like life anticipation, baby and perinatal mortality rates, that argon observed among sections of a population, discernable in the size of the wellness knowcover betwixt the highest and lowest section of the population, that oft correlate with economical indexs, educational degree, employment and lodging conditions. There ar differing theoriesA orA premises engagemen tdA to arise why wellness disparities plague certain populations. What both of these theories leave out is the causalA machine by whichA the disparities devolve.The historical context of att turn backing to wellness disparities began with W.E.B. Du Bois. The being of wellness disparities in America was fore more or less documented in 1906 by W.E.B. Du Bois. furnish by the averment that Negroes were an inferior race, Du Bois used nose count and complaint in ske permital frameations from the late 1800s to document full(a)spread disparities in bosom disease, infant deceases, parental deceases, TB, and pox. Based on these observations, Du Bois asserted that such wellness disparities had nil to tally with lower status and were strongly associated with multiple factors such as poorness, lack of instruction, and societal factors. AThe taking wellness disparities include entree to consider, note of wellness or wellness position, cardiovascular disease, malignant neoplastic dise ase, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, asthma, infant mortality, and mental wellness. feeling of economic aid in peculiar, has shown to hold important spreads among populations. As it relates to disparities in look of assistance, the Agency for health care inquiry and Quality Quality wellness heed means making the right thing, at the right clip, in the right direction, for the right people-and holding the best contingent consequences. ( Q ) Quality wellness trouble is effectual, safe, seasonably, patient centered, just, and efficient. In 1999, Congress commissioned the Institute of medicate ( IOM ) to look into wellness and wellness direction among racial/ethnic minorities. The consequences of the survey conducted, entitled Unequal Treatment Confronting Racial and heathen Disparities in Health conduct, demonstrated that minorities had poorer wellness and were systematically acquiring lower- timbre attention even when factors such as insurance polity pos ition and in bugger off were nt involved ( Smeadley, Stith, & A Nelson 2003 ) . Despite paces towards get rid of disparities, they still persist.Health attention disparities in character reference of attention are found among some(prenominal)(prenominal) mark populations. These populations include racial and ethnic minorities, those of a certain socioeconomic position, occupants of country countries, low-income groups, adult females, kids, the aged, and soulfulnesss with disablements. An abundance of grounds demonstrates that as a consequence of several factors, a long bulk of people in these mark population groups do non arouse high fibre wellness attention. Perceived supplier favoritism has both direct and indirect effects on wellness attention use and wellness position. Surveies such as those conducted by Van Houtven et Al. and Blanchard and Lurie found that persons who perceived supplier favoritism significantly delayed wellness attention use ( 10, 15 ) . The biopsych osocial theoretical account explains how stereotyping or bias can bring on emphasis in those who experience it and as a consequence open a negative impact on wellness position. Patient-provider miscommunication has several branchings such as medical mis ingests, deficient medical attention, and even decease. This geek of miscommunication is the consequence of cultural and linguistic communication barriers. Bettering lingual and cultural competency can be accomplished by increa utter the proportion of chthonianrepresented clinicians in wellness systems and in medical instruction. applied science lacks in health care seem to anyway bring on lacks in quality of attention provided to many of persons in the mark population. Suppliers in rural and destitute countries are holding troubles because they lack the wellness information engineering that their opposite rime contract in the urban and more flush countries.Differential entree to care can take to disparities in quality of well ness attention. derivation entree to wellness attention is so an of import requirement to obtaining quality wellness attention. Minorities and low-income groups are less likely to hold wellness insurance and are more likely to hold unrestricted insurance. Payment rates for Medicaid are significantly lower than for Medicare, hence, minorities having Medicaid or that are uninsured arrest attention in different scenes than in private insured or Medicare patient. Evidence suggests that entree to a regular and usual beginning of attention can greatly cut down wellness disparities. Transportation barriers, surmount to clinics, or a deficiency of cognition about supplier locations have besides threatened entree to care.In 2003, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, as directed by the Healthcare Research and Quality act upon of 1999, presented Congress with the first one-year field Healthcare Disparities Report and the subject field Healthcare Quality Report. Among the many findings as it relates to healthcare and healthcare quality disparities, the studies found that inequality in quality exists. Key findings in the 2009 National Healthcare Quality Report found that attempts to cut down disparities have had an impact, nevertheless, disparities still exist. In the study, it was found an estimated cost $ 65-130 million can be attributed to premature decease and lower wellness position among uninsured people. The study besides focuses on several scientifically supported nucleus quality measures that autumn into both classs, either process steps or depart steps. When compared to White persons Blacks authoritative worse attention for 50 % and better attention for 15 % of nucleus steps Asians received worse attention for 30 % and better attention for 40 % of nucleus steps American Indians and Alaska Natives ( AI/ANs ) received worse attention for 45 % and better attention for 25 % of nucleus steps Hispanics received worse attention for 70 % and bett er attention for 20 % of nucleus steps. ( Q )Associating to income disparities, hapless people received worse attention than high-income people for 75 % and better attention for 5 % of nucleus steps. ( Q ) When comparing the spread in disparities with findings from old old ages, 66 % of nucleus steps have non improved for Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics ensuing in a dead or increased spread. For inkinesss in peculiar, the spread seems to somewhat be shuting with an betterment in approximately 20 % of the disparities steps. For AI/ANs thither is an betterment of approximately 40 % of disparities steps. However, when reexamining these findings, one whitethorn ask whether or non utilization patterns among these groups were taken into consideration besides.Extinguishing or cut kill healthcare disparities ordain necessitate statute law and action. Health policies and enterprises are made on three degrees of authorities, federal, province, and community-based. An object lesson of a larg e-scale federal-level form _or_ system of government is REACH 2010. Reach 2010 is the CDC s attempt to extinguish racial and cultural disparities. The CDC has awarded grants to 40 community-based alliances countrywide to enforce a community-based plans and culturally-appropriate intercessions in the riddance of disparities. An illustration of a state-level policy is the Colorado Turning Point Initiative ( CTPI ) . The CTPI has congeal up informations aggregation plans to supply a standardised comparing of wellness indexs by race and ethnicity. Systems have besides been created to propose out towards its intended end of wellness disparities riddance. Such as the development of a province Office of Health Disparities and an betterment in linguistic communication aid for those who lacks English proficiency. An illustration of a community-based disparities enterprise is the Florida Community-Based Participatory Research ( CBPR ) Initiative in Reducing and Eliminating Health Dispa rities. This inaugural supports disease intercession research in disparities utilizing community-based participatory research which is conducted by communities and research workers.There are several doable policy options for work outing the job of wellness attention disparities in quality of attention. As many persons in the mark populations are uninsured or underinsured, entree to wellness insurance by manner of policies such as the Healthcare Reform may hold a great impact on wellness disparities. For minorities and other mark groups, Healthcare Reform will take down costs for households, provide great and more low-cost insurance picks, increase entree to care, advance special attention, and command chronic disease. Another possible option is the Institute of Medicine s Model of entree to wellness Services. A last possible policy option is bankers espousal of Health Information Technology ( despatch ) by manner of policies such as the Health Information Technology for Econom ic and Clinical Health ( HITECH ) ACT.The preferable policy option for work outing the job of wellness attention disparities in quality of attention is wide acceptance of HIT. This option should particularly be utilise in destitute and rural countries. The policy s standard should include acceptance of wellness IT, quality wellness services provided, an impact on wellness disparities, reportage of quality informations, and political feasibleness. The degree of engineering is sufficient to utilize this policy option. Presently, there are several types of wellness IT technologies, which includes electronic wellness records ( EHRs ) , E-health, electronic medical records ( EMRs ) , and com delegateerized supplier order entry ( CPOE ) . Barriers to acceptance may show themselves in the signifier of cost/lack of capital to put among suppliers, inability to incorporate the HIT with current systems, offline clip, lost of productiveness or income during passage, preparation, and hardware/ software ascents.By implementing the HIT acceptance policy the spreads in quality of attention created by wellness disparities can be decreased. giving acceptance of HIT will greatly even out the assiduity for all suppliers. Those suppliers in rural or destitute countries, such as Community Health Centers ( CHCs ) , in peculiar will hold the superlative impact on wellness disparities. Given that CHCs sever about 14 per centum of the state s uninsured people, 11 per centum of Medicaid enrollees, and 10 per centum of minorities, puting in spread outing CHC s wellness IT capacity seems a valuable scheme to farther cut down wellness disparities for a significant figure of financially vulnerable patients ( Shields 2007 ) . An of import characteristic of Health IT such as EHRs is the clinical supplier support interface that several systems contain. This characteristic provides recommendations on diagnostic and screening trials. This Fosters just intervention for diverse populations by extinguishing any possible racial or cultural prejudice form the wellness attention supplier that might impact clinical idea ( Custodio 2009 ) . The system will to boot help in the decrease of euphony mistakes and inauspicious drug effects with its medicine faculty. This faculty can itching dose, interaction information of several drugs, and generic options.The interoperability of wellness IT technologies such as EHRs will greatly increase functionality and as a consequence, the quality of attention provided. As many in the mark populations may be uninsured, lack the cognition of available resources, may populate far from a individual entity supplier, are hesitating to seek medical attention until something is incorrect, and miss a medical place, they tend to use hospital exigency suites more frequently than needed for medical attention. Health It such as EHRs will let suppliers from assorted clinics or infirmaries, entree a patient s medical records, which will assist to cut down duplicate of services and medical mistakes. EHRs to boot, let for easier coverage of quality informations and public presentation monitoring. The information provided from the coverage will ease enterprises with a end of quality improvements. An electronic wellness record that includes certification of demographics, including race and ethnicity, hazard facto appraisals, and preventative and chronic disease direction determination support, enables the clinician to pull off more efficaciously the analyzable wellness attention demands of our vulnerable populations ( Custodio 2009 ) . Health IT is a valuable scape in the attempt of battling wellness disparities.The political feasibleness associated with the wide acceptance of wellness IT involves several involvement groups or stakeholders. Government bureaus such as the Commission to End Healthcare Disparities ( The Commission ) have taken an alive(p) function in this issue and will interest in the resultant role of this pol icy adaptation. The Commission is a federal set about force focuses on quality, physician leading, and systems as a agency to extinguishing disparities. Community organisations besides play a critical function in the issue as they are the 1s that have direct contact with those in the mark population. This policy alteration will let them to come in the community and be a liason between suppliers and the mark population. The mark population groups have the most at interest when it comes to the policy alteration seeing that they are the 1 s straight affected by the disparities. Healthcare suppliers or health care organisations besides have a interest in the policy alteration since they will be buying the systems needed to implement the alteration. Employers and concerns such as insurance or wellness IT software/hardware companies will besides hold a interest in this policy alteration with both perchance benefiting from the alteration. The stakeholders in support of the policy alterat ion include authorities bureaus, community organisations, mark population, and the HIT software/hardware companies. The group that would perchance oppose the alteration is the health care providers/healthcare organisations. countrywide several little doctor groups that service the rural or impoverished countries have been loath to detect HIT. Hospitals have besides been hesitant in their acceptance because of the associated barriers. This policy would be supported by Democrats. Recently the two such policies aimed at HIT murder, the HITECH Act and the Healthcare Reform, have been passed under a democratic disposal.Economically, the achievement of HIT comes with a brawny monetary value ticket. The Congressional Budget Office ( CBO ) conducted a survey sing EHRs execution and associated cost. The CBO found that the cost of execution for primary practician offices ranged between $ 25,000-50,000 per doctor. ( perot ) Additionally, one-year operating, licensing, and care costs range d between $ 3,000-9,000 per doctor. Execution costs for infirmaries averaged $ 14,500 per bed with one-year operating costs of $ 2,700 per bed. ( Perot ) The HITECH Act was enacted as portion of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 with an purpose of exciting the acceptance of wellness IT and the purposeful usage of HER systems. In the act, the authorities allocated $ 19 billion to set towards the execution of EHRs countrywide. The authorities will supply Medicare or Medicaid reimbursements and $ 44,000 discount as inducements to descend EHRs between 2011-2015. After 2015 any wellness attention organisations that have failed to follow a system and pattern their meaningful usage will abide punishments. As portion of the Healthcare Reform, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, contains several commissariats for acceptance of HIT and betterment in entree to care for the uninsured and underinsured. The overall jutting cost of the Healthcare Reform is $ 940 bil lion for the first decennary. The gross to implement the recommended policy alteration will come from revenue enhancements and supplier capital.Equally long as the policy is implemented right, the benefits of the policy alteration will be every bit getatable among the mark population. Harmonizing to the HITECH Act, by 2015, all health care suppliers are judge to implement wellness IT. In order to guarantee successful execution a mechanism should be used to supervise whether disparities increase with the wide acceptance of EHRs or other wellness IT. Fraud nevertheless, may play in the signifier of a security breach of the HIT system. interior(a) breaches of security continue to be the primary security concern set by health care IM/IT executives ( book ) . There is besides the mandate for gross misdirection or waste of ARRA financess.In order to implement this policy efficaciously, a strategic execution program must be in topographic point. Collaboration among most if non all stakeholders must take topographic point, peculiarly between suppliers, authorities, and community-based organisations. Diversity and competency within the health care system and its work force must be improved. A quality-based reimbursement system for authorities operated insurances should be in topographic point. A undertaking force should be created in order to promote suppliers in rural countries to follow EHRs and other HIT. Health disparities should be included in the quality steps reported by suppliers to CMS in order to be in line for meaningful usage inducement payments. State degree schemes should include preparing or updating the province route map for HIT acceptance, set uping a province leading office, and set up chances for wellness IT preparation and instruction. Federal-level schemes occur in an ongoing three phase attempt. Stage one begins in 2011 and dressed ores on electronically entering wellness information in coded format. Stages 2 and 3 will be occur between 2013-2015 and expands on aims and steps, concentrating chiefly on the interoperability of HIT and it s associate betterments in public wellness.

The Great Gatsby and Social Class

There atomic number 18 varied types of large number in this realism people who do good and people who do aversion. Their actions, thoughts, and intentions define them as the type of person they be. Writers such as William Shakespeare and F. Scott Fitzgerald have produced standardized work that includes characters who share sympathetic characteristics. Characters such as Daisy from The Great Gatsby and Iago from Othello contain similar characteristics. Although Daisy and Iago carry contrary motives, they share undistinguishable shoddy schemes which wooing similar effects on others.Both characters through their actions, thoughts, and intentions, are defined as bad people who do evil to manipulate others and take usefulness of them. To begin with, the differences between both characters are their motives. Daisys motive is wealthiness and social class. This is evident when Jordan explains how Daisy was deeply in bash with a soldier (Gatsby) and that she was caught packing her bag on a winter night to go to New York and say good au revoir to the soldier. Then she got engaged and married tomcat Buchanan, Jordan goes on to explain that Daisy got a string of pearls valued three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. hardly the day before the wedding she produces drunk, holding a earn in her hand and says she changes her mind. This shows her true colors Jordan explains how Daisy is very gay when she knew she was going to espouse Tom who is rich. She likes the idea of the wealth and social security she gets from marrying Tom moreover when she gets drunk her true self comes out and discerns Jordan to take back the pearls and tell every whizz that she changed her mind. She cries that she changed her mind again and again, too that she does non want to marry Tom anymore.This shows that deep down she is still in shaft with Gatsby however, she is more in cont difference with the wealth and social class Tom can ply for her is she marries him. Then, Jorda n says that she and her mothers maid locked the door and got her in a chilly bath spell she was holding on to the letter. Jordan says that she to a faultk it in the tub with her and squeezed it up into a wet b both. The next day at five oclock she married Tom without as much as a shiver. Jordan does not say whom the letter is from but it is believable it is from Gatsby overseas who wrote the letter to Daisy from overseas and her true emotions came out when she got drunk. Fitzgerald 75, 76). Iago, on the other hand, has a different motive Iago pursues power unlike Daisy whose motive is wealth and social class. This is shown when Iago plots how to get Cassios position in the army and to get revenge on Othello and Cassio, Cassios a proper man let me see this instant to get his place and to plume up my will in multiply Knavery. How? How? Lets see. After some time, to abuse Othellos ear. That he is too familiar with his wife (I. iii. 383-387). Iago is planning for vengeance against Cassio and Othello because Othello promoted Cassio instead of Iago which he is upset about.It is shown here that Iagos motive is power and that he turns into a green-eyed lusus naturae (III. iii. 168) because he did not get the power he wanted. Therefore, it is evident that the difference between both, Daisy and Iago is their motives. Daisy seeks wealth and social class while Iago on the other hand craves power. Secondly, unrivalled of the similarities between both characters is the tawdry schemes. Daisy deceits Gatsby for her own advantage, she uses him and plays with his love for her. This is illustrated when Daisy contradicts herself Daisy, that is all(prenominal) over now, he said earnestly. It doesnt matter anymore. Just tell him the the true - that you neer loved him-and its all wiped out forever. She looked at him blindly. Why-how could I love him- possibly? You neer loved him. She hesitated. Her eyes fell on Jordan and me with a sort of appeal, as though she realiz ed at last what she was doing- and as though she had never, all along, intended doing anything at all. But it was done now. It was too late. I never loved him, she said, with perceptible reluctance. Oh you want too much she cried to Gatsby. I love you now-isnt that enough?I cant aid whats past. She began to sob hopelessly I did love him once-but I loved you too. I want to speak Daisy alone, he insisted. Shes all excited now Even alone I cant say I never loved Tom, she admitted in a vile voice. It wouldnt be true. (132,133). Daisy realizes Gatsbys obsession with her so she decides to take advantage of him. To make Tom who is cheating on her, jealous. Daisy uses deceptive strategies to make Gatsby recollect that she loves him and only him but it is just an act put up by her to make Tom jealous.When Gatsby asks her to say she never loved Tom she uncomfortably admits but later she changes her mind and tells him he wants too much. She lies to Gatsby and says what he wants to c hance upon at first but thus spits out the truth that she does love Tom or at least the perk that Tom comes with. This is an casing of Daisys deceptive actions causing Gatsby to believe what is not true. Similarly, Iago shares deceptive intentions which cause Othello to believe that Desdemona (his wife) is unfaithful to him.This is demonstrate by Iago when he feeds Othello lies about Cassio possibly having an affair with Desdemona, Look to your wife, observe her well with Cassio Wear your eyes indeed not jealous, nor secure. I would not have you free and noble nature, let on of self-bounty, be abusd. Look tot I know our country zest well (III. iii. 200-203). Iago creates suspicion in Othello. Othello as gullible as he is creates a greater suspicion in him and forms a green monster in him which is what Iago wanted all along.Iago feeds Othello a lie which causes Othello to believe what is not true. As a payoff, it is evident that both Daisy and Iago are prime examples of chara cters that are similarly deceptive. Lastly, another similarity between both characters is the effect on others from their deceptive actions. Daisy deceptive ways solution in three finiss, one of which she committed and one suicide. This is portrayed when Daisy kills Myrtle and Gatsby who is blindly in love with her, willing, takes the blame, Did you see any trouble on the road? he asked later on a minute. Yes. He hesitated. Was she killed? Yes Was Daisy driving? Yes, he said after a moment, but of course Ill say I was. (143). Daisy kills Myrtle by hitting her with a car while Gatsby was sitting next to her.Gatsby loves Daisy greatly enough to take to blame for it which is convenient for Daisy because Myrtle was Toms mistress. Daisy kills Toms mistress and leaves Gatsby to suffer the consequences. Gatsbys foolish finding of taking the blame results in his death and a suicide by Mr. Wilson who kills Gatsby. The chauffeur-he was one of Wolfsheims proteges-heard the shots-afte rward he could only say that he hadnt thought anything much about them. There was a faint, just now perceptible movement of the water the fresh flow from one end urged its way toward the drain at the other. It was after we started with Gatsbys toward the house that the gardener saw Wilsons body a little way bump off in the grass, and the holocaust was complete .Daisys actions results in Gatsbys death and another death of Mr. Wilson. Mr. Wilson not knowing the truth assumes Gatsby s the liquidator of his wife. He kills Gatsby by shooting him when he was in his pool and then commits suicide right after. Likewise, Iago affects others along the same lines. His deceptive actions also result in three deaths, one of which Iago causes and one suicide. Iagos lies get the ruff of Othello into turning into a jealous monster to the point where Othello loses control and killed Desdemona. This is demonstrated when Othello locks her in their room, Down, strumpet Kill me tomorrow let me liv e this evening Nay, if you strive- But half an hour Being done, there is no pause. But while I say one prayer Its too late O, Lord, Lord, Lord *He smothers her* (V. ii. 80-85). Iagos evil deceptive kit and boodle successfully fool Othello into believing Desdemona was unfaithful to him when she was not. As a result he kills her by smothering her to death. When Emilia sees this she tells Othello the truth that Desdemona was faithful and Iago was lying. This causes Iago to stab her so she could speech no more of the truth. (V. ii. 230-235). Othello realizing he was cheated by Iago, runs at Iago to wound him and then stabs himself. V. ii. 350-355). Therefore, it is evident that both characters had similar effects on others. Both effects include 3 deaths, one of which the characters cause and one suicide. Although Daisy and Iago carry different motives they share similar deceptive schemes which cause identical effects on others. Daisys motive is wealth and social class but Iago inte nds to achieve power. However, both characters share similar deceptive plans. Daisy fools and takes advantage of Gatsby to make Tom jealous. Likewise, Iago fools and takes advantage of Othello to make him jealous.They also affect others similarly both characters cause three deaths, one caused by themselves and one suicide. Therefore, it is evident that the similarities out weight the differences. The quote that relates to acts of both characters is I love the world, but humanity is what makes it ugly. (Ives, 33). This quote has a very deep meaning to it and is very strong. It describes to the reader that the world will be a better place if humanity tries to make it a better place. The in the beginning the meaning of peace and love is understood and accepted the sooner the world will be a better place.

History of Badminton Essay

Badminton is one of the most enjoyable racket games that can be vie by males and females or any age or skill level. The games can be played by single or doubles. Badminton is played over the net using a bird and a racket. The shuttlecock is being struck before it lands on your court, back to the opponents court. You need quick reflex and a physically fit dust in order to cope with the game.HISTORY OF BADMINTONBadminton first originated in India centuries past where it was known as Poona. The British army officers were very much mesmerised by the game, and so they introduced in England sometime between 1870 and 1880. Badminton was invented in the 1860s by the daughters of the Duke of Beaufort, who entertained themselves with a version of the childrens game known as battledore and shuttlecock. The game they derived for themselves soon became for the house in the which they played it, the dukes Badminton House in Gloustershire, England. Before long, badminton societies and clubs were sprouting throughout England. In 1893, the first Badminton Association was formed. Six years later, the All-England Badminton Championship was played. Eventually, the sport igrated to continental Europe.From in that respect it reached India via British military officers and Indonesia by way of Dutch colonists. The far-flung involution necessitated the formation of the International Badminton Federation (IBF) in 1934. The International Badminton Federation (IBF) is the organization body for international events. In the Philippines, the Badminton Association of the Philippines (BAP) governs the game. It is responsible for the promotion and he development of the game in the country. The BAP is also te body that provides Philippine players competing in international competitions representing the country. The Association is also conducting or sponsoring seminars and clinic to those who are draw a bead on to become players, coaches, referees and umpires. In playing badminton, it is very necessary to learn the distinct terms used in order to understand the game.DEFINITION OF namePlayer- any person playing badmintonMatch- the game proper between twain argue sides on a 2 out of 3 games or 3 out of 5 games. Singles- a controvert where there is wholly one player on each of the opposing sides. Doubles- a match where there is only one player on each of the opposing sides. Serving side- the side having the right to serveReceiving side- the side opposite the serving sideRally- a sequence of one or more strokes starting time with the service, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.

Passing: Close Reading

You Ken Tan Christopher Hennessy LI 208 U. S. Multicultural lit 26 Feb 2013 enactment An Analysis and Close reading Nella Larsens Passing is a story ab come out the tragedy of an African American woman, Clare Kendry, who seek to pass in the white American community. However, while she passes as white, she continuously seeks comfort from her friend Irene Redfield who is a representation of the African American community. Gradually, Clare has fabricate the double interpret of Irene, due to the similarities of their ethnicity and the contrasting lives they lead.At the end of the story, Clares finale is a result of the extreme burden on Irenes lift due to the presence of Clare in her animateness. The death of Clare is very much Irenes responsibility based upon her suspicious acts at the end of the story. The ending of Passing, and of the smell of Clare Kendry, begins on the sixth floor of an apartment complex at a party in the home of Felise and Dave Freeland. During the party, Irene says that, It seems dreadfully warm in here. take heed if I open this windowpane? (Larsen 110) However, when Irene opens the window, It had stopped snowing some two or three hours back (Larsen 110).This means that the weather is still rather frosty and despite the freezing temperature, Irene still sits beside the window. A nonher reason why Irene would involve to open the window is because she wants to smoke her cigar. She politely uses the warm temperature in the fashion as her excuse to open the window. Although this action may seem commonsensical today, during the 1930s, on that point was no tender etiquette that required opening a window to smoke. The fact that Irene stays by the window afterward her smoke makes us question exactly what keeps her warm perhaps it is her anger and rage towards Clare.Later when Irene finishes her cigar, she throws it out and watches the tiny spark drop slowly d bear to the white underseal below (Larsen 110). To Irene, the sense of locomote is either giving her an inspiration for her actions against Clare or a practice run before the real deal. In addition, the haping cigar sparks are being described in a very picturesque manner. Tiny spark drop gives us the sense of something small lower and shiny which moves in a relatively stable winter communication channel mass. The small shiny bits of cigar also contrasts with the twinkle stars in the clear ky after the snow stops. The action of slowly down is a romanticized version of the go flakes. As Irene focuses on the falling flakes, she is also picturing the falling of Clare in a very calm and elegant way as if Clares fate is justified and beautiful. The separating flakes from the cigar also resemble the feeling of things falling apart. As Irene observes the flakes flying away, she sees Clares life being dismantled. In the next scene, Clares husband, John Bellew storms into the party after he found out that Clare is very black and starts to burst out in ra ge.In the midst of the confrontation, Felise says, Careful. Youre the solely white man here (Larsen 111). Felise is stating that John is the only white psyche in the room, and she does not acknowledge Clare as being white. Although Clare has passed, they do not treat Clare as a white person or an outlander and would not hesitate to help her when she needs them. This demonstrates the strong unity of African American community and one cannot truly be passed and separated from the starting measure or background he or she comes from. During the confrontation, Irene has a public opinion in her mind, One thought possessed her.She couldnt have Clare Kendry cast deflection by Bellew. She couldnt have her free (Larsen 111). Irene is disgust by the thought of Bellew casting Clare away because this would be a great insult to Irenes life. At the same time, this may be the end of Irenes life as a white person. She would have to return to who she was before black, short(p) and alone. In ad dition, this would also be an insult to the lives of people in the African American community who are always oppressed and marginalized by the consent the whites.Besides, Irene would not want to set Clare free from Bellew because this would pose a bigger threat to Irenes life and family. In the middle of the story, there is a mutual attraction mingled with Clare and Irenes husband, Brian Redfield, and Irene suspects that Brian is having a love conflict with Clare. This internal conflict might explain the following scene, which is also Irenes solution to end all of this by ending Clares life. What happened next, Irene Redfield never afterwards allowed herself to remember (Larsen 111).All the reader is informed of is that one moment Clare had been there, a vital glowing thing, like a flame of red and fortunate and the next she was gone (Larsen 111). What is made clear in these descriptions of Clares fall is that it is in some sense out of her own control the payoff just happens with no clear explanation. But again this provides a pregnant parallel with the get-go of this work as shown in the beginning of the story, a man toppled over and became an inert crumpled heap on the heat cement (12).Once again someone collapses onto a public street and their falling is hidden in ambivalentty. While the cause of the mans falling is unknown to Irene because she quickly flees the scene, the reason for Clares falling being uncertain is because Irene immediately represses this memory. Here, one might argue that in both the beginning and the end of this text the cause of falling is unknown to Irene because she willfully choses to renounce this knowledge, either by rushing away or repression. The connection between the beginning and the end is also reinforced by a syntactic similarity.Additionally, in the beginning of this novel we discover what small breeze there was seemed like a breath of a flame fanned by slow bawl (Larsen 12). These same images are revisited in the conclusion. At the time of her fall, Clare is a flame of red and gold (Larsen 111) with an furious John Bellew lurching towards her. non only does her approaching husbands name resemble the countersignature bellow, but also at the party he actually bellows to Clare So youre a damned dirty nigger( Larsen 111). Thus, in both the beginning and end of Passing, we find an imagery of bellows pitiable towards a flame.In Passing, Clare and Irene are doubles for each other in twofold aspects. The fundamental connection between them is that their roots are from the same racial, social and gender groups. As readers, we are eager to find out why Irene tries to avoid Clare throughout Passing and what is the fear Clare poses upon Irene. One reason for this is that the unending appearance of Clare in Irenes life serves as a changeless reminder for Irenes self. Since they are mirror images of each other, Irene sees herself in Clare in an eerie way.Through Irenes lens, Clare lives a life she can only image but never engage. It becomes a scary thought for Irene that someone so similar to herself can transform to carry a different identity element on the surface. The aeonian comparison of Clare and Irene has forced Irene to raise questions about her own life. The recurring uncanny doubling effect from Clare presents such a constant pressure on Irene that only death can resolve this conflict. whole caboodle Cited Larsen, Nella. Passing. New York Penguin Books, 2003.

Compensation for Wrongful Conviction

go forthlaw(a) execration has been aboutthing that has al sorts occurred in the judicial governing body systems. For humanityy age, prior(prenominal) to desoxyribonucleic acid testing, in that location was no substance to vacate this for approximately people. This abridge has really been superstar that has attracted a crew of at tennertion. on that point pass pull down been songs written round the resign such as Bob Dylans Hurricane. Wikipedia (2009, pp 1-2) refers to this attitude as the miscarriage of judge. In the definition it conveys that it is the assent and punishment of a soulfulness for a execration which was non go through outted by the person.It can also mean that the opinion was sentenced in a trial that was found to be unfair or a trial which had been dis stageed. Although outlaw(a) doctrines subdued do occur in that respect ar a lot of resources that atomic number 18 put into typeset so that this does non happen any more. Thes e things bring on been added in order to assist the overall justice system in be sufficient to modify issues and in universe fit to utilize the best and most solid beliefs in order to alleviate the issues that experience occurred in the past with outlawed prison ho delectation terms. somewhat acquit even believed that on that point is something that is essentially wrong with the process of the modern justice system (Westervelt and Humphrey 2001 Chapter 1). thither ar some contrary theories as to why wrongful execration has become so prevalent in the modern day family when with the advancement of technology unmatchable could contend that wrongful beliefs should less(prenominal)en. A lot of these issues prolong to do with the attitudes towards crimes and the overall attitudes of legal philosophy enforcement as well(p) as the public perception of violent criminals. The issues be that thither atomic number 18 a lot of violent crimes that occur in society.Whe n faithfulness enforcement is unable to find a conviction the public cry out is heard and at that place atomic number 18 a lot of problems with respect for law enforcement and the overall feeling of safety of those who ar musical accompaniment in the society. thither is wherefore an outcry for somebody to pay for the crimes that require been committed. These argon particularly heard when the crimes have to do with rape or murder as these violent crimes ar sight to be worse than some progress toer(a) crimes. Law enforcements answer is find someone to blame the crime on in order to be able to modify how they ar looked at by those in society who matter, the general public.Sadly in todays society it is oft non whether or non the redress person is behind bars that give reassurance simply quite an it is whether or not someone is paying for the crime which has been committed. The public should be awargon that the outcries and over- troth in the catching of violent crim inals has lead to the wrongful conviction of many people and that on that pointfore it will continue to lead to wrongful conviction until on that point is a public outcry for justice and the involvement to find the correctly criminal for the crime.thither are many different situations in which wrongful conviction could don. One such situation would be where someone is not charged merely they are til now arrested and detained for a crime which they did not commit. Also there are the problems with someone who has charges dropped prior to trial after being detained and charged for a crime which was not committed by the person. A third focussing that someone could be incorrectly convicted is if he/she is denied bail moreover then they are seek and aquitted. or so early(a) reasons behind wrongful convictions are those who are able to have a conviction overturned on appeal yet yet they have legato been convicted. An other one is that the person could have been sentenced after being convicted of another crime prior to when the appeal for which they were primarily arrested was heard. Finally the last reason for wrongful conviction is that there is the person who has been able to be free pardoned from a crime which they are found ot be convicted of or they are able to have the conviction overturned in an appeal after having served metre from the initial conviction (Hoel 2008, pp 1).The issues of wrongful conviction do not just cause problems for those who have been incorrectly convicted only if also for those who are working in the justice system. Judge wise to(p) Hand once enunciated that he felt that he was in some sense followed by the fear that he had sentenced or convicted someone of a crime for which they did not commit. This judge recognizes that at clock things are not done right and he too agonizes over the theory that he will condemn someone to an unfair fate for a crime that he/she did not commit.The criminal justice system does contempl ate precautions and they do effort to not have these types of problems however at quantifys they seem almost unavoidable. In the book, Presumed Guilty When Innocent People are Wrongly Convicted the writer talks about the issues with the criminal justice system and their struggle between trying to uphold the law and trying to be as unbiased and fair as possible in not handing down wrongful convictions (Yant 1991, Chapter 1). in that respect are many causes for wrongful conviction. any(prenominal) of these causes are not as bad as they have been in the past as our culture has developed and become more liberal minded, however they have been prevalent in the past. The main reasons for wrongful conviction have been fraudulent results or evidence, errors in eye witness testimony, and divergence whether racial or against those who have disabilities.It has been described that the unfortunate common place specifyting of the wrongful conviction has been that the defendant is sentenced and that around ten years subsequently or more he/she is turn out innocent by deoxyribonucleic acid evidence. later the dupe will continue to maintain that the defendant was delinquent and that their eye witness testimony was not wrong. In the end, this scenario continues to hurt the wrong accused as he/she will continue to face inconsistency as those feel that there is soundless a problem with them and that they are still wicked.These innocent defendants not only have to live with the sacrifices of using up time imprisoned but also they have to face continue discrimination from those who feel that they are guilty, therefore some form of stipend should be allowed to those who have been wrongfully convicted in any criminal justice system (Westervelt and Humphrey 2001, Chapter 1). Overall what can be interpreted is that there is a connection between the beliefs of harsh forms of punishment and the death penalty and the honorable possibility that one could be falsely convi cted and deserve to be free. almost other causes of wrongful conviction were discussed in Paul Craig Roberts article The Causes of Wrongful Conviction. This author tries to make a connection between the loaded opinions for issues wish well the death penalty and issues with wrongful conviction. His save is to work harder at ensuring that there are not problems with wrongful conviction and therefore that there is less of a need to argue and charge over the issues of the death penalty. This author believes that there is a huge injustice in the wrongful conviction and that in the end it is this and not the penalty.This is meaning that the issue of wrongful conviction out sort out involve to be rentt with prior to the other issues with crime and punishments of these crimes. Some of the problems with wrongful conviction can be traced back to the unfermented manus in that the establishment during the New Deal put the power for carrying out the law and setting up the law in the sa me political relation body and in the hands of the same agency which is one change particularor to these problems. Some other areas where the laws have gotten out of hand are the laws that are pertaining to the freezing of assets.These laws were originally intended to be used against those who were associated with the bundle however they were expanded and it has been common for them to be applied to innocent space owners on a regular basis (Roberts 2003, pp 567-570). For some things, like fingerprinting, it is often thought that there can not be strays and that they can not lead to wrongful conviction however at times this could be wrong. The problems that can occur with fingerprinting leading to a wrongful conviction are very rare and for a long time were thought to be non-existent.In 2004, Stephen Cowans was found innocent from his crime by DNA evidence and it was the evidence of fingerprinting that had led to his conviction in the first place. In this facial expression it was the mislabeling of a card with his fingerprints that led to his arrest and conviction. When ran by dint of various tests and attempts with research on this topic it was not queer to have a hardly a(prenominal) mistakes. The problem with this is that there were only insincere positives in this area (Cole 206, pp 39-50).At this time there are few resources usable for those who have been incorrectly convicted. there has been a lot of translation for hundreds of years about how wrong it is for someone who is innocent to be convicted for a crime which he/she did not commit. This can be evidenced by means of quotations like those from Voltaire in 1774, stating It is better to risk saving a guilty person than to condemn and innocent one, or Sir William Blackstone, who subjectd It is better that ten guilty persons escape than one innocent suffer. Yet, even with all of this reading and the strong political views that have been prevalent for hundreds of years there still seems to be a problem with the justice system and one in which innocent people are convicted as guilty on a regular basis. During the 1980s and 1990s it became prevalent in American society that attention was drawn to cases where those who were innocent were severely punished. Take for type the case of Isidore Zimmerman who had been incorrectly convicted and served 20 four years for a crime which he did not commit.This man chose to force for earnings and it took yet another twenty years of him fighting in order to be awarded $1 zillion in compensation for the damages that being wrong imprisoned for twenty four years had caused. Sadly, this man died just four months after sweet his fight. One of the largest problems with these types of cases is the fact that the victims (those who have been wrongly imprisoned) do not have a set standardized of compensation which should be available to them as their lives have truly been ruined by some type of mistake in our justice system (Huf f, Rattner, and Sagarin 1996, Chapter 1).The tragedy here is that this man had to fight his whole life, fight for his rights and to not be sentenced for a crime which he did not commit, fight to pop out of jail and then fight for the right to compensation after his life was ruined by a wrong conviction. The people who have been wrongly convicted for various reasons have a voice and deserve to be heard on this topic and it is something that greatly affected them and continues to affect them on a daily basis. Take for instance the case of Kenny Adams who was wrongly convicted establish on the fact that he had been wrongly identified.This man was bitter and angry at what he felt was a failed justice system and he was thought to be uncooperative by authorities and those who were in charge of sentencing him as he had maintained his artlessness and refused to take any plea bargains which could have greatly reduced the time that he pass in jail. This man was innocent and later proven in nocent by DNA evidence however he spent some of the best years of his life wasting away in one of the wrap up prisons in our country.He spent his time in a prison that was known for breaking down the hardest criminals and all the epoch he maintained his innocence and pushed through to determination a way to prove that he had been innocent. One of the main reasons that he was convicted was establish on the fact that he was an African American male and there was eyewitness testimony that put three African American males and one Mexican male in the area where a young couple was assail and murdered. Maybe perhaps these were the crimes that Dr Martin Luther King Jr. as talking about in the summer of 1963 when he stated that one of his dreams was that his children could live in a country where they would not be judged by the color of their trim but quite a by who they were as a person (Ciolino 2005, Chapter 1). It is still hard to imagine that there continues to be discrimination ba sed on someones race in a world that is so integrated as the world today. Another case of wrongful conviction based on discrimination is that of Marion Coakley.This man was severely mentally developmentally challenged and had been convicted of rape. He was unable to cooperate or thrive in the prison setting as he was unable to understand the expectations and why the expectations were anticipate of him. Therefore he was in trouble a lot and was put into isolation cells and other various forms of punishment for his inability to cooperate. He had a lot of problems with basic comprehension and understanding. Marion also had a lot of reinconstrained up anger in being convicted of a crime which he did not commit.He was frequently travel between various prisons and indoors a twenty four month period he had been moved a total of eight times. He talked often about how he felt railroaded into prison as he did not understand how he could be punished for a crime which he did not commit (Sche ck, Neufield, and Dwyer 2001, Chapter 1). In this case it was an example of how one can be discriminated against based on a disability affecting his/her cognitive functioning. Another man who was wrongly convicted was Gary Dotson. Gary Dotson was wrongly convicted after he had been identified as a rapist by his victim.This man maintained his innocence and six years later the supposed victim recanted her testimony stating that she had falsified it all in an attempt to ward off problems with her foster parents if she was pregnant from having consensual sex with her familiar at the time. She claimed to be recanting to clear her conscious. The only problem was that after Dotson was released he was re-imprisoned when the judge chose to believe that the womans recanted statement was the true lie. Later after a national outcry the governor of IL released him still maintaining that he was guilty but saying that he had enough time served for his crime.Later it was proven through DNA evidenc e that he was wrongfully accused and convicted, however this was after having not only served time in prison once but twice and having to live outside of prison with the conviction on his record (Huff, Rattner and Sagarin 1996, Chapter 1). There is no current remedy available to assist victims of this tragedy. These victims are those who have been wrongly convicted of a crime, forced to serve time and later exonerated of that said crime but still having to live with all of the stigma and discriminations as if they were the criminal that they had been convicted of being.There are many different types of wrongful conviction however typically only those which are the most severe, the cases of murder or rape are brought to public attention. This type of wrongful conviction does not only softwood with a specific type of crime however but there are wrongful convictions in all types of crimes. Some of the problems with there being no compensation for the victims have to do with the after effects of wrongful conviction and how this type of thing really affects the persons life.There can be all types of issues with wrongful imprisonment and these hold issues with finding employment, finding housing, interpersonal relationships and having the respect of other people. Those who have been wrongly convicted have problems with being able to find suitable employment as many employers discriminate against them. Not only do the wrongly convicted have a hard time with finding employment but they also have difficulty in finding housing. Another area where there is strong discrimination is in housing.For those who have been wrongly convicted it can be very difficult to find good housing as there are a lot of places that will not rent to those who have had convictions and even if a conviction has been overturned if it were a conviction for rape or murder there is a chance that the once accused capacity not be able to find housing based on this information. These victims also ha ve a loss in their interpersonal relationships as this type of conviction can ruin a marriage and a family and at times the victim might not even be allowed to see his/her children even after the wrongful conviction is overturned.Although there are many more areas in which a person would be merit of compensation for a wrongful conviction one of the main other reasons is that there is a loss of overall respect from others towards this person. This happens when the person does not get the respect that he/she deserves from people based on the fact that there are past convictions and therefore people discriminate against him/her (Huff, Rattner, and Sagarin 1996, Chapter 1). factor B. Wrongful convictions and the compensation thereof are all different based on what part of the world the formerly accused is living in. There are differences that are major between Australia, U. S. A. , New Zeland, and England. Each of these areas has a separate current trend in the compensation of those wh o have been wrongly convicted, however there are many other issues that are inevitable to be dealt with as well with apiece country and unproblematic solutions for each to find a way to compensate those who have served time for a crime which they did not commit.The overall goal of each country should be that there are a national standard and a set of regulations to determine the amount of help and the type of compensation that should be habituated to the wrongly convicted. There should be standards for this type of compensation and certain things should be taken into consideration as well. In Australia there has been a lot of research on the subject of wrongful convictions and the compensation for those who have had a wrongful conviction in the past. Some of the laws in the country are make to protect those who are wrongly convicted.In the countrys codes and amendments it is stated that there can be compensation given through victims rights and advocacy and therefore there might not be a need for a court hearing or legal follow up in order to check that the wrongly convicted are given the compensation on their own. In Australia there is right to compensation for these issues. The basic meaning of this is that there is a allowance make without the legal repercussions or legal fight that would be required in other countries (Hoel 2008 pp 2-4).In the ACT (Australian Capitol Territory) there are specific codes that are used in this area. Those who are wrongly convicted have a right to seek compensation if one of the following is committed. These include that the victim have been convicted of a criminal offense by a final conclusion of a court, suffered punishment because of the conviction, and had the conviction reversed (or been pardoned) on the ground that a new or newly discovered fact shows conclusively that there has been a miscarriage of justice. The law does not have a set standard of compensation (Hoel 2008, pp 2-3).Since there are no regulatory st andards in Australia at this time it is being questioned as to whether or not the regimen should set in place a set of standards for the wrongly convicted. In her article, Does Australia Need a Specific Institution to Correct Wrongful Convictions by Lynne Weathered there was a lot of information encouraging Australian government to take a stand and work towards an appropriate form of compensation for those who are wrongly convicted in the country. This article compares the systems and regulations in place in Australia with other countries (Weathered 2007, pp 179-186).Not only has the country of Australia been working on creating a system in place for those who are wrongly convicted but also the linked States of America has been working on these issues as well in regards to how they affect the country. In the joined States of America there are a lot of different factors that are been looked at in the idea of compensation for those who are wrongly convicted. Some states are working harder than others in the fight for restoring rights to those who have been wrongly convicted. One of these states is Illinois.In this state the state legislative bodies just passed a law where there is no necessary for a wait or a court trial for a pardon in wrongful conviction cases. This means that these victims are flat pardoned from these issues and that there is an encouragement for these victims that were not there before. This new law allows for those who are wrongly convicted to be able to apply for their certificates of innocence at a circuit clerks office anywhere in the state rather than having to go before the governor and go through a governmental pardon trial.This was a celebrated victory for those in the United States and it gave a good format for other states and other countries in something simple that could be done for those who are wrongly convicted to be compensated in some way instantly without having to wait (Ahmed 2008, pp 1-2). Not only has Illinois do strides in working towards compensation for the wrongly convicted but so has the state of Mississippi. Another state that has really stepped up to the plate in ensuring victims rights when wrongly convicted has been Mississippi.In Mississippi it was passed into law that someone who was wrongly convicted and spent time in prison deserved $50,000 per year served for a total of up to $500,000. This bill was passed and justified as there were a lot of issues with the victims not being able to put their lives back unitedly and with them having a difficult time learning how to live back in the free world again after being imprisoned and having to deal with the issues of their imprisonment (Newsome 2009, pp 1).There have been many articles and papers written on the topic of compensation for wrongful conviction in the United States however it is apparent that there inescapably to be more follow up incentives and better standards for the nation as a whole as a lot of the strides are on a s tate level rather than a national level. In her article Louise Radnofsky discusses all of the problems with there not being a unified decision among the states in the USA with the subject of wrongful conviction.She looked at cases where there was not unified decision and where the victims of the issue of being wrongfully convicted were not given any type of pardon or any help to overcome said issues. The overall standard was that these victims were not able to get any compensation unless they lived in one of the states where the compensation is available. In the end the USA should take control of this situation and there should be some type of compensation for those who have been wrongly imprisoned (2007, pp 1-3).Overall it could be argued that the United States is working on a separate state by state level to deal with the issues of wrongful conviction and compensation for the victims. There is still a long way that the country could go and nationalizing some of the states plans co uld be simplest way to putting these policies and procedures into law and helping those who need the compensation to gain it fittingly and simply. Not only are victims in the United States able to sometimes get compensation but also there are sometimes ways for those in the country of New Zealand to get compensation as well.Not only do major changes need to be made in Australia and the USA but also the country of New Zealand needs to make appropriate changes in order to rectify the ideas of wrongful conviction for those in their country. There have been extreme cases in the country of New Zealand where there has been compensation awarded to victims of wrongful convictions. In New Zealand it is possible that there have been awards made based on the amount of time and power the wrongly convicted has put into being able to get compensated.However there is no set protocol and there have not been required regulations in this area either. The cases that have been seen and heard which h ave been awarded money for compensation are all ground breaking and could eventually help to ensure that all of those in the country of New Zealand are compensated if they are wrongly convicted (Goff 2001, pp 1). Not only is there a stride being made in New Zealand for the wrongly convicted but also there is progress being made in the United Kingdom.In the United Kingdom it is possible for one to apply for wrongful conviction compensation through a government agency that allows for them to be able to apply for benefits and services. This is done by completing a form and sending it to the duty for Criminal arbitrator Reform. The decision is then made by the Justice Secretary as to whether or not some form of payment is deserved by the victim. This can mean that a decision could be made that there would be no need for the compensation and no right to it as well although it has been stated that this is highly unlikely in these situations.There are also some limitations and timelines to which the country adheres and they are unforgiving so the victims need to know their rights and they should know that they must apply immediately to be considered for such payment (Compensation for Wrongful Conviction 2008, pp 1-2). It is unclear in the UK as to how one is supposed to learn about these programs and the right to compensation as it seems that it is not something that every wrongly convicted person has been aware of.There has been a lot of information available about the overall use of the follow up procedures and their ability to truly help those people living in the United Kingdom. In 2005 a lot of statistical information was published on this situation in order to the UKs government to be on board for the Freedom of Information ACT 2000. In these reports it was reported that during the time period as to how many of the wrongful conviction applications were a result of HM Customs and Exise.These cases being more full of life as they were entailing a lot more ha rdships for the wrongly convicted then other standard cases. The issues here include the fact that not all of the victims who were wrongly convicted were awarded compensation and not all of the victims applied for these compensation benefits so one could infer that there is not a lot of information available for those victims of wrongful conviction (Applications for Compensation Following Wrongful Conviction 2005, pp 1-2).Although there have been strides in many countries for those who have been wrongly convicted there is still a long way to go for them to be able to get full compensation for the hardships that they have/will face. The overall solution for those who have been wrongly convicted is a compensation to help the victim to be able to manage life on his/her own without having to face further persecution and issues that are currently on hand for these individuals. A solution for each of the to a higher place mentioned countries could be the same.It would a standardized form of follow through. There should be instant proof of ones innocence and there should be public recants of the crimes which they were wrongly convicted for. The victims records should be cleared and it should be safe for them to apply for employment or housing with the persecution that would be there if they were to still have the conviction and the issues associated with it held over their heads. Another thing that needs to be done is a monetary settlement.This monetary settlement should include money for their time served in order to compensate in some way for the life that was lost while these victims were behind bars. Some of the worst parts of wrongful conviction are that the wrongly convicted are typically convicted of the worst crimes, that being the crimes of rape or murder. These wrongly convicted are then required to work out a plan for how they are to get their life back on track after having had mostly everything taken from them in an act of vigilantism on the part of law enforcement and the people in the community.This is often very hard for these wrongly convicted and wrongly accused as this past will undoubtedly follow them. Whether or not they had aught to do with the crime the stigmas and the negative opinions of others will continue until there is some type of law in place to help assume the responsibility for helping these victims to be able to get back on their feet and no longer be wrongly subjected to these forms of harm and oppression. There needs to be a set standard for compensations and programs in place to help the wrongly convicted to be able to better their lives and themselves.